Estimating Money Demand Function in Cambodia: ARDL Approach

This paper empirically estimates the money demand function in Cambodia. We adopt the money demand model that includes exchange rate. For the analysis, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration is employed. Our results indicate that there is cointegration among variables in money demand function. CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests roughly support the stability of estimated model. However, in the long-run, even the sign of estimated coefficient of exchange rate support the currency substitution phenomenon in Cambodia, it fails t-test. This may be due to the mix of both currency substitution and wealth effects in the long-run.Money Demand, M1, Cambodia, Currency Substitution

A Note on Short-Run and Long-Run Relationships between Parallel and Official Exchange Rates: The Case of Cambodia

By employing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration, this paper presents the results of a new empirical study on short-run and long-run relationships between the Cambodian parallel and the official exchange rates. Tests to confirm the stability of the estimated model are conducted. The causality relationships between the parallel and official exchange rates are also examined, by applying the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) approach. From the empirical results, we find that there exists a stable long-run relationship between the two exchange rates in Cambodia. Moreover, the causality tests provide the evidence of the mutual directions between them.Parallel Exchange Rate; Official Exchange Rate; Cambodia; ARDL

The Monetary Model of Exchange Rate: Evidence from the Philippines Using ARDL Approach

In this paper, we re-examine the validity of both short and long run monetary models of exchange rate for the case of the Philippines by using new approach called Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to cointegration. From our analysis, some findings are obtained. First, there are robust short and long run relationships between variables in the monetary exchange rate model. Second, the stability of the estimated parameters is confirmed by CUSUM and CUMSUQ stability tests. Third, the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) condition is not hold for the Philippines. Last, all the monetary restrictions are rejected. Therefore, this result seems to suggest that the estimation result of the monetary model of exchange rate, in which monetary restrictions are assumed to be satisfied beforehand, might suffer from a number of deficiency; it is not appropriate to estimate the exchange rate model before the monetary restrictions are confirmed as also mentioned in Haynes and Stone (1981).Exchange rate model, ARDL approach to cointegration

Estimating Money Demand Function in Cambodia: ARDL Approach

This paper empirically estimates the money demand function in Cambodia. We adopt the money demand model that includes exchange rate. For the analysis, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration is employed. Our results indicate that there is cointegration among variables in money demand function. CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests roughly support the stability of estimated model. However, in the long-run, even the sign of estimated coefficient of exchange rate support the currency substitution phenomenon in Cambodia, it fails t-test. This may be due to the mix of both currency substitution and wealth effects in the long-run

The effect of foreign aid on corruption: A quantile regression approach

This paper investigates the effect of foreign aid on corruption using a quantile regression method. Our estimation results illustrate that foreign aid generally lessens corruption and, in particular, its reduction effect is larger in countries with low levels of corruption. In addition, considering foreign aid by donors, our analysis indicates that while multilateral aid has a larger reduction impact on corruption, bilateral aid from the world’s leading donors, such as France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, has no significant effect on corruption. However, bilateral aid from Japan is shown to be statistically significant in lessening corruption.Foreign Aid; Corruption; Quantile Regression

The Monetary Model of Exchange Rate: Evidence from the Philippines Using ARDL Approach

In this paper, we re-examine the validity of both short and long run monetary models of exchange rate for the case of the Philippines by using new approach called Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to cointegration. From our analysis, some findings are obtained. First, there are robust short and long run relationships between variables in the monetary exchange rate model. Second, the stability of the estimated parameters is confirmed by CUSUM and CUMSUQ stability tests. Third, the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) condition is not hold for the Philippines. Last, all the monetary restrictions are rejected. Therefore, this result seems to suggest that the estimation result of the monetary model of exchange rate, in which monetary restrictions are assumed to be satisfied beforehand, might suffer from a number of deficiency it is not appropriate to estimate the exchange rate model before the monetary restrictions are confirmed as also mentioned in Haynes and Stone (1981).

Empirical Study on the Determinants of CO2 Emissions: Evidence from OECD Countries

This paper empirically investigates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for CO2 emissions in the cases of 11 OECD countries by taking into account the role of nuclear energy in electricity production. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration is employed as the estimation method. Our results indicate that energy consumption has a positive impact on CO2 emissions in most countries in the study. However, the impact of trade is not statistically significant. The results provide evidence for a role of nuclear power in reducing CO2 emissions only in some countries. Additionally, although the estimated long-run coefficients of income and its square satisfy the EKC hypothesis in Finland, Japan, Korea and Spain, only Finland’s EKC turning point is inside the sample period of the study, providing poor evidence in support of the EKC hypothesis.CO2; Environment; EKC; OECD; ARDL

Assessing Sustainable Development by Genuine Saving Indicator from Multidimensional Perspectives

This paper investigates the path of genuine saving (GS) based on the perspectives of average, trend and stability. The theoretical basis of GS can be seen in several studies, such as Arrow et al. (2003) and Dasgupta (2004); its database has been developed by the World Bank. With these contributions, GS is now considered as one of the most important indicators for evaluating the sustainable development. However, among previous studies on GS, only few studies focused on dynamic perspective. This paper points out this shortage in the literature, and then re-examines the sustainability performance in various countries based not only on the average, but also on the trend and stability of GS path. The results of evaluating GS based on these multidimensional perspectives are different from those of unidimensional perspective. These results provide us richer information on the sustainability of each country.Sustainable Development; Genuine Saving; Average; Trend; Stability

A study on the socio-economic determinants of suicide: Evidence from 13 European OECD countries

This paper examines the factors affecting suicide in 13 European OECD countries from a socio-economic perspective. We use the autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration as the estimation methodology. Our results reveal that an increasing impact of divorce rates and a decreasing effect of per capita real GDP on suicide are confirmed in 9 countries. However, the evidence on the effects of fertility rates and per capita alcohol consumption are relatively less. For fertility rates, the results reveal that its increase leads to a decrease in suicide rates in four countries and a rise in suicide rates in one country. As for per capita alcohol consumption, the evidence supporting its significantly increasing effects on suicide rates is only confirmed in three countries. In addition, the tests of the cumulative sum and the cumulative sum of squares of the recursive residuals provide evidence indicating the stability of the estimated model.Suicide; European OECD Countries; Socio-economic Factors

A study on the relationship between corruption and government size: the role of democracy

Previous studies on the effect of government size on corruption have produced mixed results. For the purpose of explaining these ambiguous results, our study investigates the effect of government size on corruption by taking into account the role of democracy level in each country. Using annual data from 82 countries from 1995 to 2008, the estimation results indicate that an increase in government size can lead to a decrease in corruption if democracy level is sufficiently high and, in contrast, can lead to an increase in corruption if it is too low. As a robustness check, estimations using a different index of corruption and a different proxy for government size are also conducted. The results show that our main results are robust. Furthermore, to deal with endogeneity problems, we conduct an instrumental variable estimation, the results of which support our main results. These findings provide some important implications for policymakers seeking to conduct government intervention without aggravating corruption.Corruption; Government Size; Democracy; Instrumental Variable Estimation