203 research outputs found

    Planos de amostragem de ovos de cigarrinhas em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens

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    A sampling study of spittlebug eggs in pastures of Brachiaria decumbens was conducted by using a sample unit of 15 x 15 cm. The number of samples required for a certain level of precision was inversely proportional to population density. A crude estimate of number of samples necessary for 10, 15 and 20% of precision were 133,59 and 33, respectively. A study of sampling variation showed that differences between plots were much more important than the block differences; therefore plot to plot variation must be considered while sampling spittlebug eggs. The distribution pattern of numbers of eggs per 225 cm2 of pasture fitted the negative binomial series. The sequential sampling plan presented here would reduce the sampling time over the conventional (fixed sample numbers) sampling.Foi conduzido um estudo sobre amostragem de ovos de cigarrinhas em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens com o uso de uma unidade de amostragem de 15 x 15 cm. O número de amostras necessárias para um certo nível de precisão foi inversamente relacionado à densidade da população. Uma estimativa grosseira mostrou a necessidade de 133 amostras para se obter um nível de 10% de precisão, 59 para 15% e 33 para 20%. Um estudo sobre a variação na amostragem mostrou que a variação entre as parcelas foi mais importante do que entre os blocos; e assim sendo, a variação entre parcelas deve ser considerada na amostragem de ovos de cigarrinhas. O número de ovos por 225 cm2 de área de pastagens mostrou uma distribuição do tipo binomial negativa. Um plano de amostragem tipo sequencial, apresentado no presente trabalho, reduziria o tempo gasto na amostragem em comparação à amostragem convencional onde o número de amostras é fixo

    Fusarium wilt incidence and common bean yield according to the preceding crop and the soil tillage system

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    The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preceding crops and tillage systems on the incidence of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) yield. The cultivar BRS Valente was cultivated under center‑pivot irrigation in the winter seasons of 2003, 2004 and 2005, after several preceding crops established in the summer seasons. Preceding crops included the legumes Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Stylosanthes guianensis, and Crotalaria spectabilis; the grasses Pennisetum glaucum (millet), Sorghum bicolor (forage sorghum), Panicum maximum, and Urochloa brizantha; and a consortium of maize (Zea mays) and U. brizantha (Santa Fé system). Experiments followed a strip‑plot design, with four replicates. Fusarium wilt incidence was higher in the no‑tillage system. Higher disease incidences corresponded to lower bean yields in 2003 and 2004. Previous summer cropping with U. brizantha, U. brizantha + maize consortium, and millet showed the lowest disease incidence. Therefore, the choice of preceding crops must be taken into account for managing Fusarium wilt on irrigated common bean crops in the Brazilian Cerrado
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