Performance of the new seedless grape "BRS Isis" grown in subtropical area.

"BRS Isis" is a new colored seedless table grape tolerant to downy mildew, the main vine disease in subtropical humid areas. This new seedless cultivar is an interspecific hybrid from the crossing of CNPUV 681?29 [Arkansas 1976 X CNPUV 147?3 ("Niagara Branca" x "Venus")] x "BRS Linda", and was recently released by Embrapa Grape and Wine, Brazil. The performance of ?BRS Isis? seedless grape was evaluated in an experimental vineyard in 2016 located in a subtropical area at Marialva city, state of Parana, Brazil. The vines were grafted onto "IAC 766 Campinas" rootstock and trained in an overhead trellising system spaced at 2 × 5 m. Vines were cane-pruning in late winter of July 2016, and for assessments, 20 representative vines were selected in the area. As ?BRS Isis? is a very fruitful grape, presenting 4 bunches per shoot, a load adjustment was performed after fruitset removing 50% of bunches per shoot, leaving 2 bunches per shoot, equivalent to a density of 10 bunches.m − 2 . The duration in days of the main phenological stages from pruning to harvest, and the physicochemical and yield characteristics of ?BRS Isis? seedless grape were subjected to evaluation. It was determined that the cycle is 144 days. The means of berry and bunch weight was 6 . 7 ± 1 . 0 g and 500 . 0 ± 0 . 04 g, respectively, and the color index of berries (CIRG) was 4.3 ± 1.3. The means of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and maturity index (TSS/TA) observed were 14.2 ± 0.3 ◦ Brix, 0.6 ± 0.04% of tartaric acid and 24 . 1 ± 1 . 5, espectively, while the yield was 49.0 ± 5.7 tons.ha − 1 . The yield observed is considered high to keep a sustainable crop over time, thus, in order to obtain grapes of ?BRS Isis? with regular yield, and possibly, with a higher content of soluble solids, it is desirable to keep only 1 bunch per shoot (5 bunches.m − 2 ) after fruitset.Também publicado em: WORLD VINE AND WINE CONGRESS, 40

Chemical characteristics of the clusters and production of 'BRS Clara' grapevine under protected cultivation during out of season crop.

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Produção e características físico-químicas dos cachos da videira 'BRS Clara' sob cobertura plástica e sombrite em safra fora de época.

Devido às condições climáticas favoráveis à ocorrência de doenças fúngicas em uvas de mesa, tem-se buscado a adoção de tecnologias que propiciem a redução nos custos de produção, sendo uma alternativa o cultivo de uvas sob cobertura plástica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e as características físico-químicas dos cachos da videira 'BRS Clara' enxertada sobre o porta-enxerto IAC-766'?Campinas', em cultivo protegido durante a safra fora de época, visando à redução da aplicação de fungicidas para o controle do míldio. Os experimentos foram realizados em pomares comerciais localizados em Uraí e Marialva-PR. As videiras foram conduzidas no sistema latada, em espaçamento de 4,0 x 4,0 m, em Uraí, e de 2,0 x 5,0 m, em Marialva. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dois sistemas de cultivo protegido (sob cobertura plástica e sob sombrite) e sete repetições. No experimento conduzido em Uraí, não foram verificadas diferenças entre os sistemas de cultivo protegido quanto às características produtivas e químicas das bagas, como o teor de sólidos solúveis totais, índice de maturação e pH. Verificou-se a ocorrência do míldio somente nas folhas, sendo a incidência e a severidade menor nas videiras sob cobertura plástica (0,5 e 0,02%, respectivamente). Em Marialva, também não houve influência das coberturas nas características produtivas das videiras. Entretanto, o teor de sólidos solúveis totais das bagas sob cobertura plástica foi superior em relação àquelas sob sombrite (19,6 e 17,2oBrix, respectivamente). Não foi detectada a ocorrência de míldio em nenhum dos sistemas de cultivo protegido nessa localidade. Conclui-se que o uso da cobertura plástica permite a redução do número de aplicações de fungicidas para o controle do míldio, sem alterar as características produtivas da uva 'BRS Clara'

Relationship between anthocyanins and skin color of table grapes treatedwith abscisic acid at different stages of berry ripening.

Grapes grown under warm climate conditions tend to show less color development, and this phenomenon isattributed to low anthocyanin accumulation in berry skin in response to high temperature during ripening. 'Benitaka'(VitisviniferaL.)is a table grape that shows poor color development when grown under a subtropical condition, and the exogenous application of(S)-cis-abscisicacid(S-ABA)is a recently developed technique used to over come this difficulty

Anthocyanin accumulation and color development of 'Benitaka' table grape subjected to exogenous abscisic acid application at different timings of ripening.

In colored table grapes, the anthocyanin contents are inhibited by the high temperature during ripening and berries suffer a lack of skin color, thus affecting their market value. In order to overcome this issue, a research study was planned to evaluate the influence of (S)-cis-abscisic acid (S-ABA) on rates of anthocyanin accumulation in table grapes when applied at different timings of ripening, and to quantify the gradual increase of berry color. The study was conducted in a commercial vineyard of ?Benitaka? table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), grown under double annual cropping system in a subtropical area. The trials were carried out during two consecutive seasons (i.e., summer season of 2015 and off-season of 2016). The treatments used for the experiments contained 400 mg L−1 S-ABA applied at different timings of veraison (the onset of ripening), as follows: control (with no application); at pre-veraison (PRV); at veraison (V); and at post-veraison (POV). For all S-ABA treatments, a second application was performed 10 days after the first application. Berries were analyzed for weekly and daily anthocyanin accumulations, weekly and daily color index development (CIRG), total soluble solids (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), and maturation index (TSS/TA). Grapes subjected to exogenous application of S-ABA at any time of veraison, especially at PRV or at V, significantly increased the anthocyanin accumulation as well as berry color index development. Other chemical properties of grapes (i.e., TSS, TA, and TSS/TA evolution) were not affected by the use of S-ABA and followed a predictable pattern in relation to days of berries ripening. View Full-Text Keywords: Vitis vinifera L.; production system; S-ABA; rate of anthocyanin accumulation; CIRG; bioactive compound

Increasing the dimension of linear systems solved by classical or quantum binary optimization: A new method to solve large linear equation systems

Recently, binary optimization has become an attractive research topic due to the development of quantum computing and specialized classical systems inspired by quantum computing. These hardware systems promise to speed up the computation significantly. In this work, we propose a new method to solve linear systems written as a binary optimization problem. The procedure solves the problem efficiently and allows it to handle large linear systems. Our approach is founded on the geometry of the original linear problem and resembles the gradient conjugate method. The conjugated directions used can significantly improve the algorithm's convergence rate. We also show that a partial knowledge of the intrinsic geometry of the problem can divide the original problem into independent sub-problems of smaller dimensions. These sub-problems can then be solved using quantum or classical solvers. Although determining the geometry of the problem has an additional computational cost, it can substantially improve the performance of our method compared to previous implementations.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

Timing and abscisic acid concentration enhancing color of seedless grapes.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of timing and concentrations of S-ABA, aiming to intensify the color of 'Clone 21' berries. The experiment was conducted in a vineyard grown in a trellis, located in Marialva PR, Brazil, The trial was conducted on two consecutive seasons 2013 and 2014. A randomized block design was used with four replications and five treatments: control; S-ABA 200 mg L-1 7 days after veraison (DAV); S-ABA 400 mg L-1 at 7 DAV; S-ABA 200 mg L-1 at 7 DAV + S-ABA 200 mg L-1 at 15 days after the first application (DAFA); and S-ABA 400 mg L-1 at 7 DAV + 400 mg L-1 at 15 DAV. The variables studied were weight and diameter of berries, weight and length of bunches, and skin anthocyanins concentration. There was no significant difference between treatments regarding the weight and diameter of the berries, as well as the weight and width of bunches. However, exogenous application of S-ABA significantly increased the grape skin concentration of anthocyannins, independent of concentration and timing of application, and that treatment with two applications of 400 mg L-1 of S-ABA (7 DAV + 15 DAFA) resulted in higher average.Resumo expandido

Evolução da maturação da uva 'BRS Clara' sob cultivo protegido durante a safra fora de época.

A produção de uvas para mesa vem passando por alguns desafios que demandam alterações nas tecnologias de produção, devido, principalmente, à intensa necessidade de controle de doenças fúngicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento da evolução da maturação da uva 'BRS Clara' enxertada sobre o porta-enxerto IAC 766 'Campinas', sob cultivo protegido produzida em safra fora de época. Os experimentos foram realizados em Uraí e Marialva (PR). Foram avaliadas semanalmente as características químicas das bagas, como teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, índice de maturação e pH, a partir do início da maturação até a colheita, em dois sistemas de cultivo protegido: cobertura plástica e sombrite. O delineamento experimental adotado em ambas as áreas foi o inteiramente casualizado com sete repetições. A evolução da maturação nos dois sistemas de cultivo protegido foi comparada por meio da análise de regressão. Em ambas as áreas experimentais, a cobertura plástica possibilitou a antecipação da colheita das uvas em seis dias em relação ao sombrite, considerando o teor de sólidos solúveis. Não houve influência da cobertura plástica sobre o índice de maturação das uvas