21 research outputs found
Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad como factor de riesgo en intoxicaciones y lesiones no intencionales
Síndrome de fatiga crónica en una adolescente de 15 años
Fatigue and lack of energy are frequent symptoms in children and adolescents. A
diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome should be considered in children and
adolescents who complain of chronic fatigue associated with other symptoms
without a demonstrable physical cause. Lack of knowledge about this syndrome and
late diagnosis may have a negative impact on the normal development of affected
children and adolescents. Treatment should be based on a rehabilitation program
with cognitive behavioral therapy and a gradual increase in activities
Growth and puberty in a 2-year open-label study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Background: Stimulant medications for the treatment of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have a history of
safe and effective use; however, concerns exist that they
may adversely affect growth trajectories in children and
adolescents.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the
longer-term effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on
weight, height, body mass index and pubertal development
in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Methods: Children and adolescents aged 6–17 years with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder took open-label
lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (30, 50 or 70 mg/day) in this
open-label 2-year safety and efficacy study. Safety evaluations included treatment-emergent adverse events, measurement of weight, height and body mass index, and selfreported pubertal status using Tanner staging.
Results: The safety analysis population comprised all
enrolled participants (N = 314) and 191 (60.8%) completed
the study. Weight decrease was reported as a treatmentemergent adverse event in 63 participants (20.1%) and two
participants (0.6%) discontinued the study as a result of
treatment-emergent adverse events of weight decrease
Validación de la versión en español de la escala de evaluación del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (ADHD-RS-IV.es) en una muestra española
Objetivos
El objetivo de este estudio es validar la versión en castellano del ADHD-RS-IV (ADHD-RS-IV.es) en una muestra española.
Métodos
A partir de una muestra total de 652 niños y adolescentes (rango edad: 6-17 años; media [DE] = 11,14 [3,27] años), se incluyó a 518 pacientes con TDAH (criterios DSM-IV-TR) y a 134 controles sanos. Para la evaluación de la estructura factorial, la validez y la fiabilidad de la escala se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA) mediante structural equation modeling en una matriz de correlaciones policóricas, y usando el método de máxima verosimilitud para la estimación. Se calcularon la validez discriminante y su valor predictivo mediante curvas receiver operating characteristics.
Resultados
La escala en castellano mostró una consistencia interna elevada, tanto para la escala total como para sus subescalas. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach era 0,94 para la escala total y ≥ 0,90 para las subescalas. Los valores alfa ordinales eran 0,95 para la escala total y ≥ 0,90 para las subescalas. El análisis CFA mostró un modelo de 2 factores (inatención e hiperactividad/impulsividad) intercorrelacionados. La escala ofrece buen poder discriminante (AUC = 0,97).
Conclusiones
La versión española del ADHD-RS-IV (ADHD-RS-IV.es) mostró una estructura bifactorial consistente con los modelos del DSM-IV-TR y DSM-5, y con el modelo propuesto por el autor de la escala original. Además, posee un alto poder discriminante, lo que lo convierte en un instrumento válido y fiable para medir la presencia y severidad de síntomas de TDAH en la población española.Objectives
The purpose of this study is to validate a Spanish-language version of the 18-item ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV.es) in a Spanish sample.
Methods
From a total sample of 652 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (mean age was 11.14 ± 3.27), we included 518 who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD and 134 healthy controls. To evaluate the factorial structure, validity, and reliability of the scale, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using structural equation modelling on a polychoric correlation matrix and maximum likelihood estimation. The scale's discriminant validity and predictive value were estimated using ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve analysis.
Results
Both the full scale and the subscales of the Spanish-language version of the ADHD-RS-IV showed good internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94 for the full scale and ≥ 0.90 for the subscales, and ordinal alpha was 0.95 and ≥ 0.90, respectively. CFA showed that a two-factor model (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) provided the best fit for the data. ADHD-RS-IV.es offered good discriminant ability to distinguish between patients with ADHD and controls (AUC = 0.97).
Conclusions
The two-factor structure of the Spanish-language version of the ADHD-RS-IV (ADHD-RS-IV.es) is consistent with those of the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 as well as with the model proposed by the author of the original scale. Furthermore, it has good discriminant ability. ADHD-RS-IV.es is therefore a valid and reliable tool for determining presence and severity of ADHD symptoms in the Spanish population
Risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact of ADHD medications: A systematic review and meta-analysis
A systematic review with meta-analyses was performed to: 1) quantify the association between ADHD and risk of unintentional physical injuries in children/adolescents (¿risk analysis¿); 2) assess the effect of ADHD medications on this risk (¿medication analysis¿). We searched 114 databases through June 2017. For the risk analysis, studies reporting sex-controlled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) estimating the association between ADHD and injuries were combined. Pooled ORs (28 studies, 4,055,620 individuals without and 350,938 with ADHD) and HRs (4 studies, 901,891 individuals without and 20,363 with ADHD) were 1.53 (95% CI = 1.40,1.67) and 1.39 (95% CI = 1.06,1.83), respectively. For the medication analysis, we meta-analysed studies that avoided the confounding-by-indication bias [four studies with a self-controlled methodology and another comparing risk over time and groups (a ¿difference in differences¿ methodology)]. The pooled effect size was 0.879 (95% CI = 0.838,0.922) (13,254 individuals with ADHD). ADHD is significantly associated with an increased risk of unintentional injuries and ADHD medications have a protective effect, at least in the short term, as indicated by self-controlled studies
Risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact of ADHD medications: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Introduction Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to increased rates of unintentional injuries. However, the magnitude of the effect and to which extent variables such as sex, age or comorbidity can influence this relationship is unknown. Additionally, and importantly, it is unclear if, and to which degree, ADHD medications can decrease the number of unintentional injuries. Due to the amount of economic and social resources invested in the treatment of injuries, filling these gaps in the literature is highly relevant from a public health standpoint. Here, we present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between ADHD and unintentional injuries and assess the impact of pharmacological treatment for ADHD
Methods and analysis We will combine results from 114 bibliographic databases for studies relating ADHD and risk of injuries. Bibliographic searches and data extraction will be carried out independently by two researchers. The studies’ risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Articles reporting ORs or HRs of suffering an injury in ADHD compared with controls (or enough data to calculate them) will be combined using Robust Variance Estimation, a method that permits to include multiple non-independent outcomes in the analysis. All analyses will be carried out in Stata. Age, sex and comorbid conduct disorders will be considered as potential causes of variance and their effect analysed through meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analyses will exclude articles with longer follow-ups, non-stringent definitions of ADHD or controls and statistically uncontrolled/controlled outcomes. Studies implementing a self-controlled case series methodology to investigate if ADHD drugs reduce the risk of injuries will be combined with a generalised linear mixed model using the Poisson distribution and a log link function
Risk of poisoning in children and adolescents with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Poisoning, a subtype of physical injury, is an important hazard in children and youth. Individuals with ADHD may be at higher risk of poisoning. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify this risk. Furthermore, since physical injuries, likely share causal mechanisms with those of poisoning, we compared the relative risk of poisoning and injuries pooling studies reporting both. As per our pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO ID CRD42017079911), we searched 114 databases through November 2017. From a pool of 826 potentially relevant references, screened independently by two researchers, nine studies (84,756 individuals with and 1,398,946 without the disorder) were retained. We pooled hazard and odds ratios using Robust Variance Estimation, a meta-analytic method aimed to deal with non-independence of outcomes. We found that ADHD is associated with a significantly higher risk of poisoning (Relative Risk¿=¿3.14, 95% Confidence Interval¿=¿2.23 to 4.42). Results also indicated that the relative risk of poisoning is significantly higher than that of physical injuries when comparing individuals with and without ADHD (Beta coefficient¿=¿0.686, 95% Confidence Interval¿=¿0.166 to 1.206). These findings should inform clinical guidelines and public health programs aimed to reduce physical risks in children/adolescents with ADHD
Health care and societal costs of the management of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Spain: a descriptive analysis
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition in
childhood (5.3% to 7.1% worldwide prevalence), with substantial overall financial burden to children/adolescents,
their families, and society. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics of children and
adolescents with ADHD in Spain, estimate the associated direct/indirect costs of the disorder, and assess whether
the characteristics and financial costs differed between children/adolescents adequately responding to currently
available pharmacotherapies compared with children/adolescents for whom pharmacotherapies failed.
Methods: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional, descriptive analysis conducted in 15 health units representative of
the overall Spanish population. Data on demographic characteristics, socio-occupational status, social relationships,
clinical variables of the disease, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments received were collected
in 321 children and adolescents with ADHD. Direct and indirect costs were estimated over one year from both a
health care system and a societal perspective.
Results: The estimated average cost of ADHD per year per child/adolescent was €5733 in 2012 prices; direct costs
accounted for 60.2% of the total costs (€3450). Support from a psychologist/educational psychologist represented
45.2% of direct costs and 27.2% of total costs. Pharmacotherapy accounted for 25.8% of direct costs and 15.5% of
total costs. Among indirect costs (€2283), 65.2% was due to caregiver expenses. The total annual costs were
significantly higher for children/adolescents who responded poorly to pharmacological treatment (€7654 versus
€5517; P = 0.024), the difference being mainly due to significantly higher direct costs, particularly with larger
expenses for non-pharmacological treatment (P = 0.012).
Conclusions: ADHD has a significant personal, familial, and financial impact on the Spanish health system and
society. Successful pharmacological intervention was associated with lower overall expenses in the management of
the disorde
Riesgo de lesiones no intencionales y envenenamientos en niños y adolescentes con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad y el efecto protector de la medicación
Los objetivos generales de nuestro trabajo son cuatro:
1) Determinar si los niños y adolescentes con TDAH presentan un riesgo significativamente más alto de sufrir LNIs y envenenamientos al compararlos con individuos sin dicho trastorno.
2) Evaluar si la edad, el sexo o la presencia de comorbilidad psiquiátrica modifican las posibles diferencias en el riesgo de LNIs entre los individuos con TDAH frente a individuos sin TDAH.
3) Evaluar si la medicación para el tratamiento del TDAH reduce el riesgo de sufrir LNIs en los pacientes que están tomando la medicación.
4) Determinar si los niños y adolescentes con TDAH sufren con más frecuencia envenenamientos que los controles sanos de su misma edad y sexo
Riesgo de lesiones no intencionales y envenenamientos en niños y adolescentes con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad y el efecto protector de la medicación
Los objetivos generales de nuestro trabajo son cuatro:
1) Determinar si los niños y adolescentes con TDAH presentan un riesgo significativamente más alto de sufrir LNIs y envenenamientos al compararlos con individuos sin dicho trastorno.
2) Evaluar si la edad, el sexo o la presencia de comorbilidad psiquiátrica modifican las posibles diferencias en el riesgo de LNIs entre los individuos con TDAH frente a individuos sin TDAH.
3) Evaluar si la medicación para el tratamiento del TDAH reduce el riesgo de sufrir LNIs en los pacientes que están tomando la medicación.
4) Determinar si los niños y adolescentes con TDAH sufren con más frecuencia envenenamientos que los controles sanos de su misma edad y sexo