Emissions inventory of Belarus (territorial-based & consumption-based) from Low-carbon development via greening global value chains: a case study of Belarus

The ascendancy of global value chains (GCVs) has seen the transfer of carbon emissions embodied in every step of international trade. Building a coordinated, inclusive and green GCV can be an effective and efficient way to achieve carbon emissions mitigation targets for countries that participate highly in GCVs. In this paper, we firstly account the energy consumption, territorial and consumption-based carbon emissions of Belarus and its regions from 2010 to 2017. The results show that Belarus has a relatively clean energy structure with 75% of Belarus' energy consumption from imported natural gas. The ‘chemical, rubber and plastic products' sector has expanded largely over the past few years; its territorial-based emissions increased 10-fold from 2011 to 2014, with the ‘food processing' sector displaying the largest increase in consumption-based emissions. The analysis of regional emission accounts shows that there is significant regional heterogeneity in Belarus with Mogilev, Gomel and Vitebsk having more energy-intensive manufacturing industries. We then analysed the changes in Belarus' international trade as well as its emission impacts. The results show that Belarus has changed from a net carbon exporter in 2011 to a net carbon importer in 2014. Countries along the ‘Belt & Road Initiative', such as Russia, China, Ukraine, Poland and Kazakhstan, are the main trading partners and carbon emission importers/exporters of Belarus. ‘Construction’ and ‘chemical, rubber and plastic products' are two major emission importing sectors in Belarus, while ‘electricity' and ‘ferrous metals' are the primary emission exporting sectors. Possible low-carbon development pathways are discussed for Belarus through the perspectives of global supply and value chain

Towards person-centred rehabilitation in dementia – a narrative synthesis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify and synthesize person-centred principles and components as described in rehabilitation intervention studies which target home dwelling people with mild to moderate dementia. Materials and methods: A narrative synthesis was carried out which included 19 rehabilitation intervention studies targeting people with mild to moderate dementia. The analysis was guided by an initial program theory about person-centredness in rehabilitation, which was developed for this purpose. Results: Person-centred principles and components were identified and synthesised. Person-centred rehabilitation practice in dementia includes: (1) a focus on the needs, preferences and cultural values of the individual and consideration of his/her life history and biography; (2) the cooperation of professionals and people with dementia, including specific tools and methods such as goal-setting, holistic assessment and methods to activate and empower the individual, and building relationships; (3) organisation and structure. Conclusion: Compared to the principles of Kitwood, person-centredness in rehabilitation for people living with dementia also includes goal-setting and empowering principles. There is a need for developing the theoretical and philosophical foundation for person-centredness in rehabilitation in relation to people with dementia.IMPLICATION FOR REHABILITATIONPerson-centredness is a key feature in rehabilitation for people living with dementia.In rehabilitation, person-centredness may entail other principles and components than in dementia care in general.There is a need for developing person-centredness in rehabilitation, both in theory and in practice. Person-centredness is a key feature in rehabilitation for people living with dementia. In rehabilitation, person-centredness may entail other principles and components than in dementia care in general. There is a need for developing person-centredness in rehabilitation, both in theory and in practice

Towards person-centred rehabilitation in dementia – a narrative synthesis

The aim of this study was to identify and synthesize person-centred principles and components as described in rehabilitation intervention studies which target home dwelling people with mild to moderate dementia. A narrative synthesis was carried out which included 19 rehabilitation intervention studies targeting people with mild to moderate dementia. The analysis was guided by an initial program theory about person-centredness in rehabilitation, which was developed for this purpose. Person-centred principles and components were identified and synthesised. Person-centred rehabilitation practice in dementia includes: (1) a focus on the needs, preferences and cultural values of the individual and consideration of his/her life history and biography; (2) the cooperation of professionals and people with dementia, including specific tools and methods such as goal-setting, holistic assessment and methods to activate and empower the individual, and building relationships; (3) organisation and structure. Compared to the principles of Kitwood, person-centredness in rehabilitation for people living with dementia also includes goal-setting and empowering principles. There is a need for developing the theoretical and philosophical foundation for person-centredness in rehabilitation in relation to people with dementia.IMPLICATION FOR REHABILITATIONPerson-centredness is a key feature in rehabilitation for people living with dementia.In rehabilitation, person-centredness may entail other principles and components than in dementia care in general.There is a need for developing person-centredness in rehabilitation, both in theory and in practice. Person-centredness is a key feature in rehabilitation for people living with dementia. In rehabilitation, person-centredness may entail other principles and components than in dementia care in general. There is a need for developing person-centredness in rehabilitation, both in theory and in practice

The Project of Efficient and Error-bounded Spatiotemporal Quantile Monitoring in Edge Computing Environments

The source code, datasets, and scripts for reproducing of our paper entitled "Efficient and Error-bounded Spatiotemporal Quantile Monitoring in Edge Computing Environments"

Tutorial for the 2022 ACM SIGMOD Conference: Spatial Data Quality in the IoT Era: Management and Exploitation

Within the rapidly expanding Internet of Things (IoT), growing amounts of spatially referenced data are being generated. Due to the dynamic, decentralized, and heterogeneous nature of the IoT, spatial IoT data (SID) quality has attracted considerable attention in academia and industry. How to invent and use technologies for managing spatial data quality and exploiting low-quality spatial data are key challenges in the IoT. In this tutorial, we highlight the SID consumption requirements in applications and offer an overview of spatial data quality in the IoT setting. In addition, we review pertinent technologies for quality management and low-quality data exploitation, and we identify trends and future directions for quality-aware SID management and utilization. The tutorial aims to not only help researchers and practitioners to better comprehend SID quality challenges and solutions, but also offer insights that may enable innovative research and applications

Consensus on communication curriculum content in Danish undergraduate medical education: A Delphi study

The acquisition of skills in patient-centered communication is a critical aspect of medical education which demands both resource-intensive instruction and longitudinal opportunities for learning. Significant variation currently exists in the content and timing of communication education. The aim of this study was to establish consensus regarding communication curriculum content for undergraduate medical education (UME) within the country of Denmark. This study employed a Delphi process which is a widely accepted method for establishing consensus among experts and can be utilized to guide planning and decision-making in education. For this study, consensus was based on greater than 60% agreement between participants. Diverse stakeholders, representing all four universities with medical schools in Denmark, participated in an iterative three-round Delphi process which involved: (1) identifying key curricular elements for medical student education, (2) rating the importance of each item, and (3) prioritizing items relative to one another and rating each item based on the level of mastery that was expected for each skill (i.e. knowledge, performance with supervision, or performance independently). A national sample of 149 stakeholders participated with a 70% response rate for round 1, 81% for round 2, and 86% for round 3. The completed Delphi process yielded 56 content items which were prioritized in rank order lists within five categories: (1) establishing rapport, engaging patient perspectives and responding to needs; (2) basic communication skills and techniques; (3) phases and structure of the encounter; (4) personal characteristics and skills of the student; (5) specific challenging patient groups and context-dependent situations. Using a Delphi process, it was possible to achieve consensus regarding communication curriculum content for UME. These findings provide an important foundation for ensuring greater uniformity in UME, as well as supporting the important longitudinal goals of communication skill development across medical training

Dataset for "Understanding Performance Concerns in the API Documentation of Data Science Libraries"

Dataset for the manuscript "Understanding Performance Concerns in the API Documentation of Data Science Libraries", including the results of knowledge classification, consistency analysis, and evolution analysis on the API documentation data

Adaptation of a Danish online version of the Oxford Physical Activity Questionnaire (OPAQ) for secondary school students—a pilot study

Abstract Objective To adapt and partly validate a Danish online version of the patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) Oxford Physical Activity Questionnaire (“OPAQ”) and evaluate mobile phones and tablets as data capturing tool to identify potential problems and deficiencies in the PROM prior to implementation in the full study. Methods The OPAQ was translated into Danish by a formalised forward-backward translation procedure. Face validity was examined by interviewing 12 school students aged 10–15, recruited from two Danish public schools. After modifications, the online version of the Danish OPAQ was pilot tested in a convenience sample of seven school students for 1 week. Simultaneous objective accelerometer data were captured during the registration period. Results No major challenges were identified when translating OPAQ. Based on the interviews, the Danish version of OPAQ was perceived to be easy to understand in general, and the questions were relevant for tracking activities during the week. Five of the 12 participants had difficulties with understanding the introductory question: “what is your cultural background” in the original OPAQ. The interviews revealed that the participants recalling 7 days forgot to record some of the physical activity they had done during the week, indicating issues with the weekly recall method. After transforming to the online version, this was reported to be easy and quick to fill in (taking 1–3 min per day), and participants reported the daily design was helpful to remember activities. There was good correspondence between the online version and objective actigraphs with a tendency to underreport. Six participants reported 10–60 min less moderate to vigorous physical activity compared to the actigraphs, while one participant reported 3 min more. Conclusion Participants found the online OPAQ quick and easy to complete during a 1-week period. Completing daily rather than weekly may help limit issues with recall. Overall, there was good agreement between the objective actigraphs and the OPAQ, though the OPAQ tended to slightly underreport moderate to vigorous physical activity. The Danish online version of OPAQ may be useful for capturing school students’ physical activity when objective measures are not feasible

Review on adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer – why do treatment guidelines differ so much?

Background. The use of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is controversial for rectal adenocarcinoma. Both international and national guidelines display a great span varying from recommending no adjuvant chemotherapy at all, over single drug 5-fluororuacil (5-FU), to combinations of 5-FU/oxaliplatin. Methods. A review of the literature was made identifying 24 randomized controlled trials on adjuvant treatment of rectal cancer based on about 10 000 patients. The trials were subdivided into a number of clinically relevant subgroups. Results. As regards patients treated with preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy, four randomized studies were found where use of adjuvant chemotherapy showed no benefit in survival. Three trials were found in which a subset of patients received preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy. Two of these trials showed a statistically significant benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty trials were identified in which the patients did not receive preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy, including five Asian studies in which a statistically significant benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy was reported. Conclusions. Most of the data found did not support the use of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients already treated with preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy. For patients not treated preoperatively, several studies support the use of single agent 5-FU chemotherapy. Treatment guidelines seem to differ according to if preoperative chemoradiation is considered of importance for use of adjuvant chemotherapy and if adjuvant colon cancer studies are considered transferrable to rectal cancer patients regardless of the molecular differences