Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Case report and review

Muscular dystrophies are a clinically and heterogeneous group of disorders that all share clinical characteristics of progressive muscular weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common X-linked disorder muscular dystrophy in children, presenting in early childhood and characterized by proximal muscle weakness and calf hypertrophy in affected boys. There is usually delay in motor development and eventually wheelchair confinement followed by premature death from cardiac or respiratory complications. Treatment modalities such as corticosteroid therapy and use of intermittent positive pressure ventilation have provided improvements in function, ambulation, quality of life, and life expectancy, although novel therapies still aim to provide a cure for this devastating disorder. Here, we present a case of DMD in a 12-year-old male with remarkable clinical and oral manifestations

To compare the in vitro activity of 3 popular fluoroquinolones against common respiratory and middle ear pathogens

Antibiotic resistance among respiratory tract pathogens is increasing worldwide. Beta-lactam-resistant as well as macrolide and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of the commonest pathogens  are being isolated with increasing frequency in manycountries . In case of ear infections, bacteria account for about 85% of cases of otitis media. Viruses account for the remaining 15%

Tuberous sclerosis complex: A case report

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an unusual autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the development of benign tumors affecting different body systems affecting the brain, skin, retina, and viscera. It is characterized by cutaneous changes, neurologic conditions, and the formation of hamartomas in multiple organs leading to morbidity and mortality. The most common oral manifestations are fibromas, gingival hyperplasia, and enamel hypoplasia. The management of these patients is often multidisciplinary involving specialists from various fields. Here, we present a case report of a 26-old-year male patient with characteristic clinical, radiological, and histological features of tuberous sclerosis complex

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Not AvailableThe rapid development of intensive shrimp culture has aroused increased concerns about its impact on coastal waters.Practicing propensity of a balanced ecosystem based culture approach is the best way towards sustainability. In this context, seaweed based co-culture finds significance but evaluation of its symbiotic nature needs to be ascertained. Accordingly, an outdoor trial was conducted to arrive at the effective biomass intensity of seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata for efficient bioremediation as well as growth and survival of Penaeus vannamei. An experiment with five treatments (different biomass intensity, (0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 g L-1)) revealed that at a biomass intensity of 3.5g L-1, NH4 – N and PO4 – P significantly (p <0.05) reduced by 95.71% and 95.74%, respectively in three weeks. It was also observed that turbidity was significantly lowest (0.94 NTU) and specific growth rate was significantly higher (2.86% d-1) at the same biomass intensity (3.5 g L-1). Average body weight and specific growth rate of P.vannamei were not significantly increased but survival (99.17%) was significantly (p <0.05) higher. Total bacterial count was also significantly (p <0.05) reduced. This study revealed that seaweed (3.5 g L-1 ) – shrimp when co–cultured, improves the water quality and has bioremedial benefits in the culture system.Not Availabl

An Unusual Association of Bifid Condyle, Eagle's Syndrome and Ely's Cyst: A New Kid on the Block

Bifid condyle is a rare anatomic modification of mandibular condyle caused by developmental or traumatic reasons, and often diagnosed incidentally on routine radiographic examination. Eagle's syndrome (ES) occurs when an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament causes recurrent throat pain or foreign body sensation, dysphagia, or orofacial pain. On the other hand, Ely's cysts are focal subchondral cysts resulting from bony remodelling and osteoarthritic changes. Here, we report a case depicting an interesting combination of all the abovementioned entities in a single patient

Erupted complex composite odontoma: Report of two atypical cases

Odontomas are nonaggressive, hamartomatous developmental malformations of odontogenic origin. They are considered one of the most common odontogenic lesions composed by diverse dental tissues. They may interfere with the eruption of an associated tooth and are more prevalent in the posterior mandible. The eruption of a complex odontoma into the oral cavity is rare. Here, we report such two rare cases of gigantic erupted complex composite odontomas

Nonsurgical Management of Oral Mucocele by Intralesional Corticosteroid Therapy

Background. Oral mucocele is a common lesion resulting from an alteration of minor salivary glands due to mucus accumulation. Rapid appearance, specific location, history of trauma, bluish colour, and consistency help in the diagnosis. Conventional surgical removal is the treatment of choice but has several disadvantages like damage to adjacent ducts with further development of satellite lesions. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional corticosteroid injection (betamethasone) as a nonsurgical treatment procedure in oral mucoceles. Material and Method. A total of 20 cases (males and females, 10–30 years of age) with clinically diagnosed oral mucoceles were given 1 mL of betamethasone intralesionally. All the patients were examined after a period of 7, 14, and 21 days to evaluate the response of the lesion towards treatment and consequently given the 2nd, 3rd, 4th injections. If the lesion resolved after one or two injections, the treatment was discontinued. Results. Out of the 20 cases, 18 of them showed complete regression of the lesion whereas the remaining 2 cases showed decrease in size. All the patients received maximum of 4 consecutive shots in weekly interval. Conclusion. Intralesional corticosteroid therapy can be considered as the first choice in the treatment of oral mucoceles

Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in HIV Coinfected Individuals in Eastern India with Risk Factor Analysis

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the cause of most genital herpes while HSV-1 is responsible for orolabial and facial lesions. In immunocompromised individuals, like HIV patients, impaired immunity leads to more frequent symptomatic and asymptomatic HSV infection. Fifty-two blood samples from HIV patients with clinically diagnosed HSV infection were taken as cases, while 45 blood samples each from HIV-infected (HIV control) and noninfected patients without any herpetic lesion (non-HIV control) were taken as control. Serum was tested for IgM and IgG antibodies of both HSV-1 and HSV-2 by ELISA. The seroprevalence was compared among the three groups of study population, considering the demographic and socioeconomic parameters. The HSV-2 IgM was significantly higher (p<0.005) in the HIV patient group (34.6%) than the HIV control (2.2%) and non-HIV control (2.2%) groups, whereas HSV-2 IgG seroprevalence was higher in both HIV patient (61.5%) and HIV control (57.8%) groups than the non-HIV control group (17.8%). The prevalence of HSV-2 was significantly higher in persons with multiple partners and in the reproductive age group. The overall seroprevalence of HSV-1 IgM was too low (<5%), whereas it was too high (about 90%) with HSV-1 IgG in all three study groups

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Not AvailableAbstract Aquaculture sector has developed rapidly since the last decade and its development have been unregulated, which has caused many ecological problems. In this regard, this study has been undertaken to identify potential zone for sustainable aquaculture development. Thiruvallur district coastal sub-watershed boundary has been taken as the study area which has been delineated using SRTM DEM, toposheet, and also using watershed data collected from the agriculture department, Tamil Nadu. Water sources available in the study area are Pulicat Lake, Buckingham Canal, Arani River, and Kosathalaiyar River. Pulicat and Buckingham Canal are the major sources for aquaculture in the Thiruvallur district since Kosathalaiyar and Arani River are ephemeral in nature. A pair wise comparison matrix has been used to assign weightage to each criterion based on its relative importance. Various thematic maps were integrated into multi-criteria factors such as water quality, soil characteristics, infrastructure factors, and land use type to identify potential aquaculture zone using remote sensing and GIS. To ensure sustainable aquaculture development constrain, parameters have been framed according to coastal aquaculture authority regulations for mangroves, settlement, drinking water source and ecologically sensitive areas. The existing aquaculture farm in the study area has been mapped using Sentinel 2, it is about 660.65 hectares and the potential extend of the area available for aquaculture development estimated using AHP method is about 630 hectares.Not Availabl