Les déterminants organisationnels et spatiaux de la firme multi-établissements: une étude des firmes industrielles françaises

International audienceThis article aims to analyse the factors (internal characteristics, spatial and industrial environments) that determine the existence of multi-unit firms and the intensity of their organisational fragmentation at a national scale. The empirical models are based on individual data on all French industrial firms, collected by the French National Institute of Statistics. The results show the importance of internal (scale economies, specific assets as R&D and advertising, skill level...) in organisational choice. They also highlight the major role played by multi-location and by the spatial profile of the firms on the intensity of their fragmentation.Cet article a pour objectif d'analyser les facteurs (caractéristiques internes, environnements spatial et industriel) qui déterminent l'existence des firmes multi-établissements et l'intensité de leur fragmentation organisationnelle à l'échelle nationale. Les modélisations empiriques sont basées sur l'exploitation de données individuelles fournies par l'Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE). Les résultats montrent l'importance des caractéristiques internes (économies d'échelle, actifs incorporels tels la R&D ou la publicité, qualification des salariés, etc.) dans les choix organisationnels. Ils soulignent également le rôle majeur joué par la multi-localisation et le profil spatial des firmes sur l'intensité de leur fragmentation

Online social networks and hiring: a field experiment on the French labor market

With the advance of social network sites, employers can screen applicants' online profiles to gain additional personal information without the applicants' awareness. We investigate whether employers rely on such online information when deciding to call an applicant back for interview. During a 12-month period, we set-up a field experiment and sent more than 800 applications of two fictitious applicants that differ for a signal - their perceived origins - solely available on their Facebook profiles. A 40 % gap between the two applicants highlights that online profiles are used to screen and select applicants. For many recruiters, Facebook profiles have become a part of the application material. An unexpected change in the Facebook layout altered the display of our online signal. This natural experiment allows us to pinpoint the cause of screening, and therefore the odds of being called back for interview, within the online profile

Dynamiques d’adoption des tic et densité des espaces. Quelles spécificités pour les firmes rurales françaises ?

Cet article est dédié à l’analyse des déterminants de l’intensité d’utilisation des TIC par les firmes industrielles françaises. Il vise en particulier à étudier l’influence de la faible densité des espaces ruraux sur l’intensité d’usage des TIC par les firmes. L’approche empirique développée prend appui sur deux enquêtes : l’enquête COI réalisée en 1997 sur un échantillon représentatif de firmes industrielles françaises et une enquête récente menée en 2002 auprès de l’ensemble des firmes rurales de la région Midi-Pyrénées. Les résultats montrent, tout d’abord, qu’entre ces deux enquêtes les TIC se sont diffusées très rapidement au sein des firmes rurales. Ce processus reste en outre souvent lié à la mise en place de nouveaux dispositifs organisationnels. Les résultats confortent ensuite l’idée d’une dualité des forces à l’œuvre dans les zones à faible densité : une localisation dans une zone à faible densité constitue tout à la fois un frein, du fait des problèmes d’accès à l’information et aux compétences, et un facteur incitatif à leur usage.In this paper, we explore the intensity of ICT use in rural vs. urban industrial firms. The empirical approach developed here rests on two surveys: the COI survey conducted in 1997 on a representative sample of French industrial firms, and a recent study carried out in 2002 on all rural firms of the Midi-Pyrénées Region. The results of both studies show, first of all, that the ICT diffusion process among rural firms has been fast. What’s more, this process often coincides with the implementation of new organisational mechanisms. Secondly, the results confirm that there is a duality at play in low density areas: being located in a low density area represents both an obstacle to ICT diffusion – because of problems related to access to information and skills – and a factor encouraging the use of ICT

Do recruiters 'like' it? Online social networks and privacy in hiring: a pseudo-randomized experiment

With the advance of online social networks, the screening of applicants during hiring can extend beyond the usual application material. Although browsing the online profile of an applicant raises ethical issues, this practice potentially improves the job matching, at virtually no cost to the employer. In this paper, we investigate the use of online social networks as a reliable source of information for recruiters on applicants in the French job market. We set up a field experiment using real accountant job offers in the greater Paris area. We adjust the content of Facebook accounts to manipulate the perceived origins of applicants (hometown and language spoken) and analyze the impact on the number of callbacks received from employers. The signal we manipulate to distinguish applicants is available only within the online profile, not the application material. During a 12 month period from March 2012 to March 2013, we submitted more than 800 applications. The test applicant received a third fewer callbacks compared to the control applicant, a significant difference. Our results suggest that online profiles are used indeed to screen applicants, and that this occurs early in the hiring process. During the course of the experiment, a change to the standard Facebook layout sent a part of our signal, namely the language spoken by the applicants, into a sub-tab not directly visible from the front page. This exogenous change (clicking on a tab is now required to access the information) allowed us to measure the recruiter's depth of search. In subsequent months, the gap between the two applicant types shrank and virtually disappeared. This suggests that screening is superficial, illustrating the existence of employer search costs for browsing an entire profile

Online social networks and hiring: a field experiment on the French labor market

With the advance of social network sites, employers can screen applicants' online profiles to gain additional personal information without the applicants' awareness. We investigate whether employers rely on such online information when deciding to call an applicant back for interview. During a 12-month period, we set-up a field experiment and sent more than 800 applications of two fictitious applicants that differ for a signal - their perceived origins - solely available on their Facebook profiles. A 40 % gap between the two applicants highlights that online profiles are used to screen and select applicants. For many recruiters, Facebook profiles have become a part of the application material. An unexpected change in the Facebook layout altered the display of our online signal. This natural experiment allows us to pinpoint the cause of screening, and therefore the odds of being called back for interview, within the online profile

Perceived Internet privacy concerns on social network in Europe

The development of computing technologies and Internet has made possible to capture, save and analyse increasing mount of personal information, which might impact public concern about privacy. The present article aims at analysing Internet privacy concerns in respect to social network website. We use a well-suited dataset of 23 087 individuals collected by the European Union in 2009 in all member states. Fitting an ordered logit model, we examine the variables associated with the probability to have high privacy concerns in order to draw policy and regulatory implications. The results show that institutional framework ensuring comprehensive national efforts to safeguard privacy increases the probability to be worried about possible misuse of private data. Additionally, we observe that socio-demographic variables affect the perception of individual personal data use/misuse

Perceived Internet privacy concerns on social network in Europe

The development of computing technologies and Internet has made possible to capture, save and analyse increasing mount of personal information, which might impact public concern about privacy. The present article aims at analysing Internet privacy concerns in respect to social network website. We use a well-suited dataset of 23 087 individuals collected by the European Union in 2009 in all member states. Fitting an ordered logit model, we examine the variables associated with the probability to have high privacy concerns in order to draw policy and regulatory implications. The results show that institutional framework ensuring comprehensive national efforts to safeguard privacy increases the probability to be worried about possible misuse of private data. Additionally, we observe that socio-demographic variables affect the perception of individual personal data use/misuse

Milkweed scaffold : a new candidate for bone cell growth

This study aims to evaluate the potential of milkweed as potential candidate to construct biodegradable scaffold for bone regeneration. A mat made of milkweed, polyethylene, and polypropylene was treated with an atmospheric pressure plasma to functionalize the surface of the polymer assembly with carboxylic acid groups, which enable to conjugate bioactive molecules, while accelerating the degradation of milkweed. Degradation tests demonstrated substantial decrease of the weight of the treated polymer mat as compared to untreated one. Biological assays revealed that the polymer assembly promoted preosteoblast MC3T3 cells recruitment with a significant enhancement observed on the RGD-grafted polymer mat

Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication et dynamiques des espaces ruraux: le cas de la région Midi-Pyrénées

International audienceThis paper studies the influence of rural areas density on the diffusion process within firms of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Besides spatial's determinative factors of the diffusion process, I also deal with organizational and structural factors. The empirical support of the study is a survey of whole rural entreprises of the french region "Midi-Pyrénées". By manipulating this survey, I underline differentiated behaviors in terms of intensity of use of ICT according to the density of the location area, ICT also appear as potential tools of opening up for remotes areas.Cet article propose une analyse de l'influence exercée par la plus ou moins faible densité des zones rurales sur le processus de diffusion des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) au sein des entreprises. Outre les aspects spatiaux du processus de diffusion des TIC, les facteurs organisationnels et structurels sont également traités. Pour cela, nous mobilisons une enquête réalisée auprès de l'ensemble des entreprises rurales de la région Midi-Pyrénées. L'exploitation de cette dernière permet de mettre en évidence des comportements différents des entreprises en termes d'intensité d'utilisation des TIC selon la densité de leur zone de localisation. Les TIC semblent même constituer un outil de désenclavement pour les firmes rurales les plus isolées

Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication et dynamiques des espaces ruraux : le cas de la région Midi-Pyrénées

This paper studies the influence of rural areas density on the diffusion process within firms of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Besides spatial?s determinative factors of the diffusion process, I also deal with organizational and structural factors. The empirical support of the study is a survey of whole rural entreprises of the French region « Midi-Pyrénées ». By manipulating this survey, I underline differentiated behaviors in terms of intensity of use of ICT according to the density of the localisation area. ICT also appear as potential tools of opening up for remotes areas.rural areas, innovation-diffusion, organizational change, technological change, Information and Communication technologies