Proximate causes and fitness consequences of double brooding in female barn owls

Acknowledgements We are grateful to all people having helped with the fieldwork over the years and to people having accepted to host nest boxes. C. Riols took part of the pellet analysis. P. Frederick, D. LaFlamme and S.M.R. Orzechowski provided a critical read of the manuscript. J.F. Therrien and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that greatly improved a previous version of the ms. The organisation ‘La Choue’ has partially supported this study. JZ benefited from grant 659648, BetMon, of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement. Permission to handle and ring birds was granted by the Centre de Recherche sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (MNHN Paris).Peer reviewedPostprin