Optimizing the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using persulfate activated with nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) supported by reduced expanded graphene oxide(rEGO)

Background: To remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) predicated on reduced expanded graphene oxide (rEGO) was used as the activator of persulfate. Methods: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were used to investigate the surface morphology and to examine the surface elemental composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the chemical compositions of the synthesized compound. In this study, the effects of pH (3-9), activator dose (0.4-1.6 g L-1), persulfate concentration (0.192-0.768 g L-1), and reaction time (0-60 minutes) on the removal of 10 mg L-1 MB were studied by nZVI -reduced expanded graphene oxide/persulfate (nZVI@rEGO/PS) process. Results: The maximum removal efficiencies of MB at optimum operational conditions (pH 3, activator dose = 1.2 g L-1, persulfate concentration = 0.576 g L-1, and reaction time = 20 minutes) by nZVI@rEGO/PS process was 96%. The chemical method was used to prepare expanded graphene. The volume of natural flake graphite increased about 25 times after the process. SEM image of the nZVI@rEGO showed the presence of nZVI placed on the EGO surface in chain structure with a diameter about 100 nm. The EDS analysis of the activator indicated the existence of Fe element to an amount greater than 50%. Conclusion: According to the results, nZVI@rEGO is considered as a promising activator of persulfate. Keywords: Persulfate, Methylene blue, Graphite, Graphene oxide, Kinetic

Effect of Grinding the Herb and Boiling the Infusion on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Herbal Infusions

Herbal infusions are one of the most consumed beverages in the world. The object of this work was to estimate the phenolic content and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum L.) and Anise seeds (Pimpinella anisum L.) infusions, and study the effect of grinding the herb and boiling the infusion on that. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by two methods, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay. The TPC and antioxidant activity have increased by grinding the herb and boiling the infusion. By grinding, the TPC and antioxidant activity have nearly multiplied

Miraʾt al-bayan, traité de Babisme, par Soubh-i Azal.

Mirʾat al-bayanNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution.Lieu de copie : Larnac

Naghamat al-rouh, commentaire, par Soubh-i Azal, d'une poésie mystique bâbie de sa composition. Arabe 6522

Naghamat al-rouhNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution

La dixième et la onzième partie du Kalam ou (al)-Asar al-Azaliyya, traité de Babisme, par Soubh-i Azal. Arabe 6646

Kitab kalam al-mouhadjir al-sadikKitab al-kalamNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution

Kitab al-alwah, traité de théologie et de théosophie babies, par Soubh-i Azal ; ce manuscrit est autographe ; une lettre de Constantin Persan, Mirza Rizwan ʿAli, fils de Soubh-i Azal, attestant l'origine de cet exemplaire, datée de Larnaca, le 8 février 1912, se trouve en tête du second volume. Arabe 6594

Kitab al-alwahNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution

Le Kitab al-nour de Soubh-i Azal.

Kitab al-nour li Soubh-i AzalNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution

Recueil de deux traités de Babisme, composés par Soubh-i Azal.

Kitab al-wahidiLathaïf al-AzaliKitab al-wahidiNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution.Le Lathaïf al-Azali (sic) et le Kitab al-Wahid (folio 256 verso)

Recueil de deux traités de Babisme écrits par Soubh-i Azal.

Lamaʿat al-AzalNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution.Le Kitab al-djamʿ, formé de 1298 versets, et les Lamaʿat al-Azal (folio 133 verso).Lieu de copie : Larnac