Estudio de factibilidad para la producción y exportación de carne de cuy (Cavia porcellus) para mercados de Estados Unidos y España.

The following is a feasibility study of production and export guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) meat from the town Calacalí, in the province of Pichincha. The study begins with a production of 500 females and 50 male guinea pigs, having an annual output of 6,000 animals that weight one kilogram each. The market study shows that the United States and Spain have an appreciable demand for the product due to a high number of South Americans who currently live in those countries; in the U.S. 105.750,95 kilograms are required monthly, while in Spain 188.860 kilograms per month are needed. Studies of the internal supply indicate that the sierra region is the highest producer of guinea pig meat, mainly the provinces of Azuay, Chimborazo, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Imbabura, Pichincha and Loja, with an estimated production of 5,067,749 animals in 2009, where most of it is for internal consumption. The financial analysis shows that this is a viable project, obtaining a good profit margin and a quick investment recovery. Furthermore, the financial indicators were a TIR of 22%, a VAN of $9,574.75 and a cost/benefit relationship of 1.36, which shows its profitability. The equilibrium point calculated for this project ratified its feasibility, since the amount that must be produced so that there won't be any loss or gain the first year is 3,529.84, which is equivalent to 61,16$9.574,75 y una relación beneficio/costo de 1.36 que demuestran su rentabilidad. El punto de equilibrio calculado para este proyecto ratificó la factibilidad del mismo, puesto que la cantidad a producir para no obtener pérdidas ni ganancias al primer año es 3.529,84 kilos, cifra equivalente al 61,16% del volumen anual de producción proyectada (5.771,25 kilogramos)

Estimación de parámetros de calidad del fruto para segregantes interespecíficos de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) en respuesta de resistencia a la Antracnosis (Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds)

El tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) en el Ecuador, presenta una severa reducción en el rendimiento y producción, atribuida mayormente al ataque de la enfermedad antracnosis (Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds). Con base a esta problemática, se ha optado por evaluar estratégicamente genotipos mejorados de tomate de árbol provenientes de la cruza [(S. unilobum x S. betaceum) x S. betaceum] x S. betaceum, con algún grado de resistencia a la antracnosis para generar una alternativa de manejo sostenible al ataque de esta enfermedad, la cual presenta una respuesta altamente detrimental en los cultivares comerciales tradicionalmente sembrados en la zona de estudio (Pelileo- Provincia del Tungurahua, Ecuador). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos analizados tanto en variables de color de fruto y pulpa, así como en la variable cuantitativa de rendimiento, destacándose dos grupos (G1 y G5) por su bajo umbral de incidencia a la antracnosis; aunque en las variables productivas presentaron un menor avance. Un índice de selección basado en z-scores, permitió identificar individuos superiores en relación al grado de resistencia a la enfermedad y calidad del fruto. Los componentes genéticos de las variables fenotípicas evaluadas, demostraron que gran parte de la variabilidad genética observada se debe a los genotipos y muy poco a la variabilidad ambiental

Estimation of fruit quality parameters for tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) interspecific segregating in response to Antracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds) resistance

The tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) in Ecuador, performs a severe reduction in yield and production of tree tomato and it is mostly attributed to the attack of anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds). We assessed an improved tree tomato genotypes, derived from the crossing [(S. betaceum unilobum x) x S. betaceum] x S. betaceum, showing some degree of resistance to generate an alternative of sustainable management to this disease on a site with a high degree of infection in commercial ecotypes (Pelileo- Province of Tungurahua, Ecuador). Significantly differences among the analyzed groups were found in fruit and flesh color, as well as in quantitative variables such as yield. Two groups (G1 and G5) were noted for their low incidence of anthracnose, although they showed less progress in terms of productive variables. A selection index based on z-scores, allowed identifying superior individuals in terms of resistance to the disease and fruit quality. The genetic component of phenotypic variables showed that most of the observed variability is due to the genotypes and not to the environmental variability