The Social Ontology of Psychiatry: Psychiatric Diagnosis as an Ontogenetic, Interpellative Speech Act

Psychiatry is the study, evaluation, and treatment of mental disorders – disorders that affect the behavior and cognition of individuals and which are associated with underlying dysfunctions in the brain and nervous system. Though psychiatry is a medical and scientific discipline, it also takes place within a social context that modifies its effects, particularly in its application of diagnostic categories to individuals. In this thesis, I argue that, because of this context, psychiatric diagnosis can be modeled as an ontogenetic, interpellative speech act. A speech act is an utterance or sign that constitutes an action through its performance, called an illocution. In psychiatric diagnosis, this illocution is ontogenesis, or the instantiation of an individual as a member of a social kind. Because of how this kind is embedded in a social structure, this ontogenetic illocution also results in the perlocutionary effect of interpellation, where a person is signaled, or “hailed,” to behave in ways considered appropriate to that diagnosis and the social kind and role associated with it. I will offer an overview of the concepts required for this model, including social structure, social kinds, social positions and roles, and social practices. I will also analyze ontogenesis, phylogenesis, and interpellation, offering felicity conditions for interpellation and for the type of ontogenetic speech act that psychiatric diagnosis exemplifies – authoritative ontogenetic speech acts. I will demonstrate how psychiatric diagnosis meets these felicity conditions so that it can be effectively modeled as an ontogenetic, interpellative speech act. Finally, I will consider a case where ontogenesis and interpellation in psychiatric diagnosis leads to unjust conditions through a background ideology of ableism – namely, autpocalypse and autistic filicide, or the denial of autistic agency and the murder of autistic persons by their families and caretakers

Cullet

This paper discusses a series of five sculptures that are now five and one-half years old. Today these sculptures are scattered and in some cases gone, but the goals and the decisions which shaped their creation in 1986 and 1987 are still fresh in my memory. They were important experiments for me, and I carry them with me today. I would not claim these sculptures defined me as the artist I am now, but they do define me as the artist I was then. And to that extent, my understanding of myself is enriched by this thesis work. In 1986 and 1987 the message I wanted to send with my work was that the pursuit of a predetermined sculptural look or theme held no interest for me. Since any artist\u27s body of art presumably has planning and message implied, to avoid these inherent qualities was not only my frustration as an artist but the challenge of my thesis project. My work was not only a reaction against the predictability of design, but also against the notion that art is a predetermined statement of an artist\u27s aesthetic position. In some ways this paper is paradoxical, because it requires that I engage in what I tried to avoid four years ago: it requires that I explain the meaning behind my sculptures. Why the academic discussion of art disturbs me has to do with my nature. It bears looking into because of the connection to the project, but it cannot be defended or assailed against. Whether I am right or wrong to feel alienated by the expectation that an artist explain his work is, as I see it, irrelevant to the argument. I was alienated, and therefore this alienation came through in my art. This seemingly contrary position becomes an interesting academic quagmire: frustrated by the pressure to make a statement through my work, I decided to make a statement about not making statements and thus discovered the inevitability of statement-making in art

Icelandic Fisheries: Scenario Planning for Climate Change

This study aimed to develop an understanding of how a scenario planning process could be used to assist businesses to adapt to climate change. The focus of this study was on the Icelandic fishing industry since Iceland is experiencing firsthand climate change impacts. Mitigation strategies are the main focus in climate change research, but this study focused on a possible adaptation method that requires changing management practices in order to reduce the impact of climate change on the economy. Tours of Icelandic fisheries and interviews with individuals within the Icelandic fishing industry were conducted to assess the current adaptive capacity of the industry. Three company profiles were created to represent fisheries at different levels of preparedness for climate change. Future climate scenarios were derived from data provided in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report. The climate scenarios were used to make predictions about the future challenges or opportunities the company profiles would face. The findings of this study reflect that Iceland’s fishing industry will continue to be greatly impacted by climate change, and the industry does not have a specific planning approach to climate change. The results from this study also suggest that the scenario planning process is a promising approach to complex issues with high levels of uncertainty like climate change, but a successful scenario planning process is difficult to achieve due to a lack of time and resources. This thesis provides a starting point for large-scale scenario analysis and can be returned to fisheries management in Iceland to highlight both the resources needed to make the scenario processes effective and the benefit of using a scenario planning approach to climate change in the fishing industry

Austrian Jews and the Idea of Europe: Reformulating Multinationalism as a Response to the Disintegration of the habsburg Empire, 1880-1939

The process of European political unification that began in the mid-twentieth century has taken for granted a certain idea. This is that Europe is composed of ethnonational units. My research shows that some of the central, though largely unexplored intellectual roots of the European Union challenged this idea. German-speaking Jews from the Habsburg Empire, in the period between the 1880s and the Second World War, formulated an idea of Europe that was intended to cut across enthnonational distinctions. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, German nationalism had been the gateway for Central European Jews to membership in a European civilization defined by liberal Enlightenment values. Yet the crisis of liberalism at the close of the nineteenth century saw liberal national movements turn into exclusive, ethnonational ones. The cosmopolitan, Enlightenment idea of Europe gave way to an idea of Europe whose membership was confined to sovereign ethnonational components. The multinational Austrian dynastic state and its Jews had little to gain from this development: Jews were not only unwelcome in the ethnically-defined nation state, but by extension, in all of Europe. I show that in response to the national disintegration of the Habsburg Empire, Austrian Jewish liberals, pacifists, Zionists, Diaspora nationalists, and Austro-Marxists formulated a strikingly similar cluster of European ideas. All conceived of Europe as a cultural and intellectual community constituted on the basis of a decentralized, multinational polity in which national affiliation(s) or lack thereof would be defined by individual choice. Though they offered divergent immediate solutions to antisemitism, their shared dilemma and common intellectual and cultural resources united them in imagining Europe as the long-term solution to the Jewish predicament

Teacher Attitude Toward Consumer Issues and the Affect upon Consumer Education Units

Home Economics Educatio

Study of the Central Place Hierarchy in North Central Oklahoma

Geograph