Some structural and functional aspects of eukaryotic translation machinery in active and inhibited states

The protein synthesis machinery of eukaryotes is organized in large complex macromolecular clusters – polyribosomes, and tightly regulated by cellular signaling pathways. Polyribosomes are essential part of cells and could be studied in cell lysates from structural and functional perspectives using fluorescent and electron microscopy, and by cell-free translation assays respectively. One third of all polysomes in HeLa cell lysates are ring-shaped and believed to be associated with closed loop-assisted translation reinitiation (circular translation). That is in optimal state of the cells. During viral infection, eukaryotic cellular mRNA translation and its regulation could be inhibited or altered. In contrast, the viral mRNAs take advantage by twisted initiation modes, and by seizing host molecular resources for virus own benefit. To oblitarate aberrant translation and viral infection, small molecule inhibitors of translation elongation could be applied. Ribosomes are promising molecular targets for therapeutic agents against protozoal and viral infections, and malignancy. Cryogenic electron microscopy-based approaches allow for search and development of potent ribosome inhibitors with required properties defined by its 3D structure

Investigation of the metal powders activity based on aluminum, boron and titanium

The high heat of oxidation makes boron and borides attractive as a metal fuels additive in composite solid propellants. Amorphous boron ignites at the temperature of more than 800 °С. The formed B[2]O[3] oxide layer during the combustion of boron prevents complete combustion and results in a higher burning time of the particles. Aluminum borides are characterized by a high melting point and when heated in an oxidizing environment they are oxidized to form Al[2]O[3] and B[2]O[3 oxides. This study investigates the metal powders activity based on aluminum, boron and titanium, used in composite solid propellant as additives. The paper presents data of metal powders activity: the onset temperatures of oxidation and the intense oxidation temperatures of the powders, the conversion coefficient and the weight gain of the samples in the temperature range of 400 - 1200 °С

Film Deposition and their Removal in Gaps and Regions Shaded from the Plasma in the Presence of RF Fields

AbstractThe re-deposition of constructional materials inside the chamber of a fusion device is undesirable mainly for increased capture of hydrogen isotopes in the deposited layers. Currently, a variety of methods for wall cleaning from the deposited layers are developed, including a special “cleaning” discharge inside the chamber with an oxygen puff. Special attention is paid to film removal in gaps and regions shaded from the plasma. The study of CH-films deposition and their removal in gaps and regions shaded from the plasma were conducted in the linear simulator with a beam-plasma discharge PR-2 in a mode with automatic generation of high-frequency current oscillations, which ensured the presence of RF fields. High efficiency of cleaning the films in gaps is demonstrated in the discharge in oxygen with the presence of RF fields. The film cleaning rate was up to 1.7μm for 2hours

Ignition and combustion of high-energy materials containing aluminum, boron and aluminum diboride

Boron and its compounds are among the most promising metal fuel components to be used in solid propellants for solid fuel rocket engine and ramjet engine. Papers studying boron oxidation mostly focus on two areas: oxidation of single particles and powders of boron, as well as boron-containing composite solid propellants. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the ignition and combustion of the high-energy material samples based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and an energetic combustible binder. Powders of aluminum, amorphous boron and aluminum diboride, obtained by the SHS method, were used as the metallic fuels. It was found that the use of aluminum diboride in the solid propellant composition makes it possible to reduce the ignition delay time by 1.7-2.2 times and significantly increase the burning rate of the sample (by 4.8 times) as compared to the solid propellant containing aluminum powder. The use of amorphous boron in the solid propellant composition leads to a decrease in the ignition delay time of the sample by a factor of 2.2-2.8 due to high chemical activity and a difference in the oxidation mechanism of boron particles. The burning rate of this sample does not increase significantly

Analysis and segmentation of market gadgets for a better night's sleep

The relevance of this article is that in the 21st century the sleep problem is becoming more and more serious.Requirements for professional qualities are constantly growing, thus, the level of stress is constantly increasing, the speedof life is developing and this unambiguously leads to sleep disturbance. Analyzing the market for sleep gadgets, it has been decided to select the three most popular applications for research: Runtastic Sleep Better, Sleep As Android, Sleep Cycle. Having analyzed the use of trackers for improving sleep quality, it has been found that 16% of respondents have tried sleep trackers and are ready to explore their sleep with other applications, 34% of respondents are going to try sleeptrackers, 35% of respondents have doubts about these gadgets, and 15 % of respondents refuse to use gadgets. According to the application users, three main segments are identified: people who are not getting enough sleep, professional athletes and people building a career

Ignition of boron-containing high-energy materials based on an oxidizer and polymer binder

The use of aluminum borides is a promising direction in the development of modern propellant compositions and aerial vehicles. We present experimental data on the kinetics of oxidation of microscale powders of aluminum, amorphous boron, and the aluminum borides AlB2 and AlB12 in air upon heating at a constant rate of 10°C/min and the results of laser-assisted ignition of high-energy materials that contain these metal powders and are based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and an inert binder or an energetic combustible binder. We show that the use of the boron-containing powders enables us to lower the onset temperature of oxidation and the temperature of intense oxidation, while increasing their oxidation effectiveness, compared to pure aluminum. The dependences of ignition delay time on the heat flux show that the AlB2 and AlB12 powders are the most effective metal fuel components for solid propellants based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and an energetic binder: they display the shortest ignition delay time and require the lowest heat input for ignition

Effect of Absorbed Power on Densification and Grain Growth during Rapid Microwave Sintering

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Target-Speaker Voice Activity Detection: a Novel Approach for Multi-Speaker Diarization in a Dinner Party Scenario

Speaker diarization for real-life scenarios is an extremely challenging problem. Widely used clustering-based diarization approaches perform rather poorly in such conditions, mainly due to the limited ability to handle overlapping speech. We propose a novel Target-Speaker Voice Activity Detection (TS-VAD) approach, which directly predicts an activity of each speaker on each time frame. TS-VAD model takes conventional speech features (e.g., MFCC) along with i-vectors for each speaker as inputs. A set of binary classification output layers produces activities of each speaker. I-vectors can be estimated iteratively, starting with a strong clustering-based diarization. We also extend the TS-VAD approach to the multi-microphone case using a simple attention mechanism on top of hidden representations extracted from the single-channel TS-VAD model. Moreover, post-processing strategies for the predicted speaker activity probabilities are investigated. Experiments on the CHiME-6 unsegmented data show that TS-VAD achieves state-of-the-art results outperforming the baseline x-vector-based system by more than 30% Diarization Error Rate (DER) abs.Comment: Accepted to Interspeech 202