Incontinence-specific quality of life measures used in trials of treatments for female urinary incontinence: a systematic review.

This systematic review examined the use of incontinence-specific QOL measures in clinical trials of female incontinence treatments, and systematically evaluated their quality using a standard checklist. Of 61 trials included in the review, 58 (95.1%) used an incontinence-specific QOL measure. The most commonly used were IIQ (19 papers), I-QoL (12 papers) and UDI (9 papers). Eleven papers (18.0%) used measures which were not referenced or were developed specifically for the study. The eight QOL measures identified had good clinical face validity and measurement properties. We advise researchers to evaluate carefully the needs of their specific study, and select the QOL measure that is most appropriate in terms of validity, utility and relevance, and discourage the development of new measures. Until better evidence is available on the validity and comparability of measures, we recommend that researchers consider using IIQ or I-QOL with or without UDI in trials of incontinence treatments

Field Representations of Vector Supersymmetry

We study some field representations of vector supersymmetry with superspin Y=0 and Y=1/2 and nonvanishing central charges. For Y=0, we present two multiplets composed of four spinor fields, two even and two odd, and we provide a free action for them. The main differences between these two multiplets are the way the central charge operators act and the compatibility with the Majorana reality condition on the spinors. One of the two is related to a previously studied spinning particle model. For Y=1/2, we present a multiplet composed of one even scalar, one odd vector and one even selfdual two-form, which is a truncation of a known representation of the tensor supersymmetry algebra in Euclidean spacetime. We discuss its rotation to Minkowski spacetime and provide a set of dynamical equations for it, which are however not derived from a Lagrangian. We develop a superspace formalism for vector supersymmetry with central charges and we derive our multiplets by superspace techniques. Finally, we discuss some representations with vanishing central charges.Comment: 37 page

Modeling of Condensation Reaction of Aniline to Diphenylamine by PM7 Method

Modeling of the condensation reaction to diphenylamine was carried out by PM7 method with acid catalysts: tetrafluoroborate, oxytrifluoroborate and anilinium oxytetratrifluoroborate. The calculated data prove that the formation of a few protonated forms of aniline is possible during the reaction of aniline with acids. Only positively charged p- and o-[sigma]-complexes are capable of further interaction with aniline. The stage of intramolecular proton transfer from the primary to the secondary amino groups of intermediates of aniline reaction with proton aniline ?-complex determines the condensation rate of aniline to diphenylamine with acid catalysts. A catalyst anion can form ionic and ion-dipole complexes with reaction mixture components and can influence the distribution of electron density in reactants and their reactivity with its field

Estimation of local strength and damageability of brittle materials on experimental data distribution of statistical parameters

Проведен статистический анализ результатов испытаний листового стекла и алюмокерамики при царпании со скалыванием индентором Роквелла. Определены параметры распределения Вейбулла для экспериментальных результатов. Получены статистически обоснованные значения параметра повреждаемости при вероятности разрушения от 0,01 до 0,99, что позволило уточнить характеристики локальной прочности стекла и керамики и повысить достоверность прогноза работоспособности материала при заданной вероятности разрушения ответственных изделий. Показана неприемлемость линейной аппроксимации зависимости разрушающей нагрузки P от расстояния разрушения L при локальном нагружении хрупких материалов. Для листового стекла в области малых нагрузок обнаруженa аномально высокая повреждаемость, характеризующаяся возможными размерами скола до 0,520 мм, что в три раза превышает предельные размеры сколов для керамики Al2О3-1. Результаты могут быть использованы при выборе и оптимизации технологии изготовления оптического стекла, дентокерамики и режущего керамического инструмента.Local strength and the edge damageability of amorphous and crystalline brittle materials are estimated by the methods of statistical analysis. The Weibull distribution is used to analyze experimental data of scratching with edge chipping for the samples of float glass and dense ceramics Al2О3-1. The shape and the scale parameters of the Weibull distribution for the experimental results on the edge destruction, depending on the distance from the edge are determined. A fundamental difference in the mechanical behavior of amorphous and crystalline brittle materials under the local loading is detected. Statistically valid values of damageability parameter L for the fracture probability in the interval 0.01...0.99 are obtained. This allowed specifying the characteristics of the local strength of glass and ceramics, and improving the reliability of the forecast performance of the material at a given probability of failure. It is obtained, that dense ceramic is characterized by non-linear S-shaped form of the plot of the fracture load P versus fracture distance L. In the range of high loads of glass, a similar to ceramic S-shaped dependence P = f (L) is observed. Abnormally high damageability for float glass in the range of small loads characterized by chipping to the possible size of 0.520 mm, which is three times the size for chipping of ceramic Al2O3-1, is detected. It is shown that the estimation error in the parameter of fracture resistance to chipping FRS at the failure probability of 1% as an average value of the ratio P/L was 64% and 391% for ceramics and glass, respectively, compared with the predicted resistance to chipping, defined on the basis of a probabilistic approach. This proves the unacceptability of the linear approximation of the dependence P = f (L), which has been adopted in literature, especially for critical parts made of the brittle materials. The results are the basis for a focused selection of brittle materials, depending on their function. The results can be used for selecting and optimizing the manufacturing technology of optical glass, dental ceramics and ceramic cutting tool

APATITE SHELLS OF THE DEVONIAN FORAMINIFERS (SAFYANOVSKY COPPER-SULPHIDE DEPOSIT, MIDDLE URAL)

Relevance of the work is due to the possibility of a detailed study of Devonian foraminifers with apatite shells and the reconstruction of specific conditions for their formation. Foraminifer shells are morphologically similar to Parathurammina aff. tamarae L. Petrova, 1981, the Eifelian-the Givetian, which were found in thin sections of samples of carboniferous and chiselly aleuropelites of the ore-bearing strata of the Safyanovsky copper-sulphide deposit (Middle Urals) for the first time. Purpose of work. Detailed study of the shells of Devonian foraminifers similar to Parathurammina aff. tamarae L. Petrova, 1981, as well as reconstruction of sedimentation conditions for carboniferous and chiselly rocks of the ore-bearing strata of the Safyanovsky copper-sulphide deposit. Research methodology. Shells were studied in thin sections of carboniferous and chiselly aleuropelite samples. The detailed study of morphology and composition of the shells was carried out using a scanning electron microscope JSM-6390LV (JEOL) with an energy-dispersive spectrometer Inca Energy 450, an electron microscope Tescan and an electron probe microanalyzer Cameca SX100. Results. Size and morphology of the shells were determined; it was also found that the walls of the shells of the studied foraminifers were represented by fluorapatite. It was assumed that initially they were calcareous, and subsequently were replaced by apatite and quartz. However, more detailed studies did not reveal traces of substitution of carbonate rock for apatite. Conclusions. Compared with Parathurammina aff. tamarae L. Petrova, 1981, shells have a reduced size and a smaller number of fauces, which can be explained by unfavorable habitats in a shallow sea basin, where carbonate sedimentation was suppressed by a significant influx of volcanic material. The presence of sulfide minerals in nucleus of shells may indicate to the specific habitat (pH of the environment, salinity of supra-bottom water) of foraminifers. Findings of fossils of green, siphon algae together with studied foraminifers indicate that formation of the original substrate took place in near-surface layers (up to 200 m) of the photic zone of seas

Физико-химические исследования карбонатов Сафьяновского медно-колчеданного месторождения (Средний Урал)

Carbonate mineralization of ore-bearing rocks of the Safianovskoe massive copper sulphide deposit (Middle Urals) is presented by calcite, Fe-magnesite, dolomite and siderite. The types of carbonate mineralization and their spatial distribution in vicinity of the orebody are distinguished. Calcite, dolomite and scattered siderite mineralization is concentrated in quartz-plagioclase-carbonate-chlorite rocks. Siderite-magnesite mineralization is located just on a contact of the solid copper-zinc ore in association with kaolin, barite and mica. Magnesite mineralization is located in quartz-sericite-chlorite metasomatites of the South-Eastern part and is a natural extension of the post ore transformation of the host rocks and their tectonic fracturing associated with internal stress relaxation. Vein aragonite was discovered in near-wall metasomatites at the depth 240 m. The newly formed calcite was found in the hydrothermally changed limestones at the depth 275 m. Carbonates differ in content and distribution of rare-earth elements (REE), the isotopy, and in the intensity EPR of spectrum Mn2+ in the carbonates. As a whole, the zones of the carbonates distribution in the wallrocks of the Safyanovskoe deposit corresponds to the Urals typical zonation noted on some other copper massive deposits of the South Urals.Рассмотрена карбонатная жильная минерализация в породах Сафьяновского медно-колчеданного месторождения (Средний Урал), представленная кальцитом,  железистыми разностями магнезита и доломита, сидеритом, арагонитом. Кальцитовая, доломитовая и рассеянная сидеритовая минерализация сосредоточена в кварц-плагиоклаз-карбонат-хлоритовых породах надрудной зоны. Сидерит-магнезитовая прожилковая минерализация развита в околорудных метасоматитах на контакте с массивной медно-цинковой рудой в ассоциации с баритом, каолинитом и гидрослюдой. Рассеянная и прожилковая магнезитовая минерализация встречается в кварц-каолинит-серицит-хлоритовых подрудных метасоматитах. Жильный арагонит обнаружен в околорудных метасоматитах на глубине 240 м, новообразованный кальцит – в гидротермально-измененных известняках на глубине 275 м. Карбонаты отличаются по содержанию и распределению РЗЭ, С-О изотопии, по интенсивности ЭПР спектра Mn2+ в карбонатах. В целом зональность распределения карбонатов в околорудных породах Сафьяновского месторождения соответствует зональности уральского типа, отмеченной на некоторых колчеданных месторождениях Южного Урала, в околорудной части карбонаты представлены более железистыми разностями по сравненю с надрудной частью. Исследования показали, что карбонатная минерализация на Сафьяновском месторождении является естественным продолжением пострудных преобразований вмещающих пород и их тектонического разрушения при релаксации внутренних напряжений

Quantum superposition of three macroscopic states and superconducting qutrit detector

Superconducting quantum coherent circuits have opened up a novel area of fundamental low-temperature science since they could potentially be the element base for future quantum computers. Here we report a quasi-three-level coherent system, the so-called superconducting qutrit, which has some advantages over a two-level information cell (qubit), and is based on the qutrit readout circuit intended to measure individually the states of each qubit in a quantum computer. The designed and implemented radio-frequency superconducting qutrit detector (rf SQUTRID) with atomic-size ScS-type contact utilizes the coherent-state superposition in the three-well potential with energy splitting Delta E_01/k_B=1.5 K at the 30th quantized energy level with good isolation from the electromagnetic environment. The reason why large values of Delta E_01 (and thus using atomic-size Nb-Nb contact) are required is to ensure an adiabatic limit for the quantum dynamics of magnetic flux in the rf SQUTRID.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, in v.3: text extended, inset in figure 1 (the device design) adde

Measurement of Muon Capture on the Proton to 1% Precision and Determination of the Pseudoscalar Coupling g_P

The MuCap experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute has measured the rate L_S of muon capture from the singlet state of the muonic hydrogen atom to a precision of 1%. A muon beam was stopped in a time projection chamber filled with 10-bar, ultra-pure hydrogen gas. Cylindrical wire chambers and a segmented scintillator barrel detected electrons from muon decay. L_S is determined from the difference between the mu- disappearance rate in hydrogen and the free muon decay rate. The result is based on the analysis of 1.2 10^10 mu- decays, from which we extract the capture rate L_S = (714.9 +- 5.4(stat) +- 5.1(syst)) s^-1 and derive the proton's pseudoscalar coupling g_P(q^2_0 = -0.88 m^2_mu) = 8.06 +- 0.55.Comment: Updated figure 1 and small changes in wording to match published versio