Exterior Differentials in Superspace and Poisson Brackets of Diverse Grassmann Parities

It is shown that two definitions for the exterior differential in superspace, giving the same exterior calculus, when applied to the Poisson bracket lead to the different results. Examples of the even and odd linear brackets, corresponding to semi-simple Lie groups, are given and their natural connection with BRST and anti-BRST charges is indicated.Comment: 5 pages, LATEX 2.09. The talk at the 9th International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY'01, JINR, Dubna, Russia, 11-17 June, 2001). To be published in the Proceedings of this Conference. Correction of misprint

Degenerate Odd Poisson Bracket on Grassmann Variables

A linear degenerate odd Poisson bracket (antibracket) realized solely on Grassmann variables is presented. It is revealed that this bracket has at once three nilpotent $\Delta$-like differential operators of the first, the second and the third orders with respect to the Grassmann derivatives. It is shown that these $\Delta$-like operators together with the Grassmann-odd nilpotent Casimir function of this bracket form a finite-dimensional Lie superalgebra.Comment: 5 pages, LATEX. Corrections of misprints. The relation (23) is adde

Hodge Duality Operation And Its Physical Applications On Supermanifolds

An appropriate definition of the Hodge duality $\star$ operation on any arbitrary dimensional supermanifold has been a long-standing problem. We define a working rule for the Hodge duality $\star$ operation on the $(2 + 2)$-dimensional supermanifold parametrized by a couple of even (bosonic) spacetime variables $x^\mu (\mu = 0, 1)$ and a couple of Grassmannian (odd) variables $\theta$ and $\bar\theta$ of the Grassmann algebra. The Minkowski spacetime manifold, hidden in the supermanifold and parametrized by $x^\mu (\mu = 0, 1)$, is chosen to be a flat manifold on which a two $(1 + 1)$-dimensional (2D) free Abelian gauge theory, taken as a prototype field theoretical model, is defined. We demonstrate the applications of the above definition (and its further generalization) for the discussion of the (anti-)co-BRST symmetries that exist for the field theoretical models of 2D- (and 4D) free Abelian gauge theories considered on the four $(2 + 2)$- (and six $(4 + 2)$)-dimensional supermanifolds, respectively.Comment: LaTeX file, 25 pages, Journal-versio

ЛІКУВАЛЬНИЙ КОМПЛАЄНС: ПОНЯТТЯ, ПРОБЛЕМА ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇЇ ВИРІШЕННЯ

This article contains the concept of the problem and solutions to medical komplaens. It was concluded that what is positive komplaens, will improve the results of treatment of patients with disorders of the digestive system and reduce the incidence of recurrence of disease and its complications.Стаття містить поняття, проблему та шляхи вирішення лікувального комплаєнсу. Зроблено висновок про те, що саме формування позитивного комплаєнсу дозволить покращити результати лікування хворих з патологією органів травлення та зменшити частоту розвитку рецидивів захворювання, а також його ускладнень

НАДАННЯ ЕКСТРЕНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ В УКРАЇНІ

Article provides an overview and examples of emergency medical care in Ukraine. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the emergency medical care system.У статті подано огляд і зразки надання екстреної медичної допомоги в Україні. Зроблено висновок про те, що потрібно вдосконалювати систему надання екстреної медичної допомоги

ІСТОРІЯ РОЗВИТКУ СЕСТРИНСЬКОЇ СПРАВИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article highlights the history of nursing in Ukraine. The Western Ukraine has a priority in shaping views on nursing as a special type of medical activity that requires the relevant theoretical and practical training.У статті висвітлено історію розвитку сестринської справи в Україні. Західній Україні належить пріоритет у формуванні поглядів на сестринську справу як особливий вид медичної діяльності, який вимагає відповідної теоретичної та практичної підготовки

БОТАНІЧНА МЕЖА МІЖ ЛІСОСТЕПОМ І КАРПАТАМИ ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ЛІСОВОЇ РОСЛИННОСТІ ДРОГОБИЦЬКОЇ ВИСОЧИНИ

The location of the territory of Ukraine within the limits of several physical and geographical zones determines the high level of its biodiversity. At the same time, the biotic characteristics of some natural zones are too complex for explication, since in many cases the "boundary effect" triggered by the influence of neighboring regions works. The authors have recorded a similar fact at the Drohobych Highland in the transition area of the natural forest steppe zone in the mountainous country of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The purpose of our work was to study in detail flora and vegetation of the transitional band between the forest steppe and the Carpathians. A forest-steppe zone is a lower vegetation belt in the north-eastern mega slope of the Carpathians due to bordering with the forest-steppe from the east. Therefore, a logical question arose: where exactly is the boundary between the forest-steppe and the Carpathians and which types of phytocoenoses are characteristic of the natural forest-steppe zone, and which – for the mountainous Carpathian country. The object of our research was forest vegetation of Drohobych Forestry State Enterprise of Volya Yakubova Forestry. The natural conditions of the Carpathian Mountains caused the formation of forests of diverse composition and productivity. In order to obtain the most accurate results, we have applied various methods of vegetation studies based on the principles of dominant, forest-typological and ecological-floristic geobotanical schools, with their subsequent comparison. According to the dominant classification, the natural forest zone of the forest-steppe is represented by Quercetum roboris caricosum brizoidi, Q. r. c. remotae, Q. r. filipendulosum, Carpineto-Quercetum roboris caricosum pilosae, C.-Q. r. c. brizoidi, C.-Q. r. rubosum сaesii. Instead, the mountainous Carpathian country is characterized by the association of Abieto-Querceta roboris caricosum brizoidi. These findings are also confirmed by the syntaxonomy of vegetation based on floral grounds, as it is here that the phytocoenoses of the mountain associations of Abieto-Quercetum border with appropriate to the forest-steppe Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli association. We can find quite a bright confirmation of our research in almond tree features, as Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae from QUERCO-FAGETEA class is inherent to the mountainous country of the Ukrainian Carpathians, whereas the almond of Ribeso nigri-Alnetum association of ALNETEA GLUTINOSAE class is native in the forest-steppe.Наведено результати досліджень лісової рослинності Дрогобицької височини та зроблено спробу виокремити асоціації лісової рослинності, які розмежовують природну зону Лісостепу та гірську країну Українських Карпат. На прикладі лісів урочища Воля Якубова встановлено, що ознаки фізико-географічних зон проявляються у характерних рисах рослинних асоціацій. Застосовані різні методики досліджень лісової рослинності показали подібні результати. За домінантною класифікацією Лісостеп репрезентують асоціації Quercetum roboris caricosum brizoidi, Quercetum roboris caricosum remotae, Quercetum roboris filipendulosum, Carpineto-Quercetum roboris caricosum pilosae, Carpineto-Quercetum roboris caricosum brizoidi, а Українські Карпати – Abieto-Querceta roboris caricosum brizoidi. За класифікацією типів лісу Лісостеп представляють грабові, а Карпати – ялицеві діброви і судіброви. За еколого-флористичною класифікацією, окрім асоціацій широколистяних мезофільних лісів, розмежування природних зон добре репрезентують вільхові ліси з різних синтаксономічних класів – Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae (клас QUERCO-FAGETEA) є характерним для Українських Карпат, натомість Ribeso nigri-Alnetum (клас ALNETEA GLUTINOSAE) – для Лісостепу. Отже, на прикладі лісового урочища поблизу села Воля Якубова вдалося простежити закономірності зміни лісостепових фітоценозів на гірські

(In)finite extensions of algebras from their Inonu-Wigner contractions

The way to obtain massive non-relativistic states from the Poincare algebra is twofold. First, following Inonu and Wigner the Poincare algebra has to be contracted to the Galilean one. Second, the Galilean algebra is to be extended to include the central mass operator. We show that the central extension might be properly encoded in the non-relativistic contraction. In fact, any Inonu-Wigner contraction of one algebra to another, corresponds to an infinite tower of abelian extensions of the latter. The proposed method is straightforward and holds for both central and non-central extensions. Apart from the Bargmann (non-zero mass) extension of the Galilean algebra, our list of examples includes the Weyl algebra obtained from an extension of the contracted SO(3) algebra, the Carrollian (ultra-relativistic) contraction of the Poincare algebra, the exotic Newton-Hooke algebra and some others. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Laurent Houart (1967-2011).Comment: 7 pages, revtex style; v2: Minor corrections, references added; v3: Typos correcte

Coherent Rabi response of a charge-phase qubit under microwave irradiation

We report on radio-frequency measurements of the charge-phase qubit being under continuous microwave irradiation in the state of weak coupling to a radio-frequency tank circuit. We studied the rf impedance dependence on the two important parameters such as power of microwave irradiation whose frequency is close to the gap between the two lowest qubit energy levels, and temperature of the internal heat bath. We have found that backaction effects of the qubit on the rf tank, and vice versa, tank on the qubit, lead to a negative as well as a positive real part of the qubit impedance Re$Z(\omega)$ seen by the tank. We have implemented noise spectroscopy measurements for direct impedance readout at the extreme points corresponding to maximum voltage response and obtained absolute values of about 0.017 $\Omega$ for the negative and positive Re$Z(\omega)$. Our results demonstrate the existence and persistence of the coherent single- and multi-photon Rabi dynamics of the qubit with both negative and positive dynamic resistance inserted into the tank in the temperature range of 10 to 200 mK.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure

Measurement of the Rate of Muon Capture in Hydrogen Gas and Determination of the Proton's Pseudoscalar Coupling gPg_P

The rate of nuclear muon capture by the proton has been measured using a new experimental technique based on a time projection chamber operating in ultra-clean, deuterium-depleted hydrogen gas at 1 MPa pressure. The capture rate was obtained from the difference between the measured $\mu^-$ disappearance rate in hydrogen and the world average for the $\mu^+$ decay rate. The target's low gas density of 1% compared to liquid hydrogen is key to avoiding uncertainties that arise from the formation of muonic molecules. The capture rate from the hyperfine singlet ground state of the $\mu p$ atom is measured to be $\Lambda_S=725.0 \pm 17.4 s^{-1}$, from which the induced pseudoscalar coupling of the nucleon, $g_P(q^2=-0.88 m_\mu^2)=7.3 \pm 1.1$, is extracted. This result is consistent with theoretical predictions for $g_P$ that are based on the approximate chiral symmetry of QCD.Comment: submitted to Phys.Rev.Let