Noi soiuri de cireş pentru plantaţiile pomicole din România

In the last ten years was been introduced into the orchards of Romania new autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars or from the foreign assortment. Research was conducted during 2014-2016 at three Romanian new obtained cultivars as ‘Andreias’, ‘Alexus’ and ‘Mihailis’ and two introduced sweet cherry cultivars as ‘Kordia’ (Czech Republic) and ‘Van’ (Canada). An other cultivar, ‘Boambe de Cotnari’ (Romania) was evaluated. ‘Boambe de Cotnari’ is an old cultivar very spread in Romania butstill demanded by producers. Some parameters related to phenological stages and fruit characteristics were determined. Sweet cherry cultivars taken into study registered fruit weight value as 7.72 g (as average 2014-2016) and soluble solids content as 14.53 Brix

S-GENOTYPING OF SOME SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARS RELEASED WITHIN BREEDING PROGRAMMES IN THE BALKAN REGION

Sweet cherry cultivars generally exhibit S-ribonuclease (S-RNase)-based gametophytic selfincompatibility and require pollination with pollen of compatible genotypes, which are indispensable to stable fruit production. Therefore, the determination of S-genotype provides relevant information for sweet cherry breeders and growers. The aim of this study was to identify the S-allelic constitution and incompatibility group in eight sweet cherry cultivars which were named and released at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Republic of Serbia (‘Asenova Rana’ and ‘Čarna’), Research Station for Fruit Growing, Iasi, Romania (ʻAlexusʼ, ʻBuciumʼ and ʻMargoniaʼ) and Fruit Growing Institute, Plovdiv, Republic of Bulgaria (ʻKossaraʼ, ʻRosalinaʼ and ʻRositaʼ). The use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with consensus primers for the second introns of S-RNase, as well as primers specific for S1S7 and S9 alleles enabled determination of the following S-genotypes in the assessed cultivars: S1S2 (ʻAlexusʼ), S1S4 (ʻČarnaʼ), S2S9 (ʻKossaraʼ and ʻRositaʼ), S3S6 (ʻBuciumʼ), S3S9 (ʻAsenova Ranaʼ and ʻRosalinaʼ) and S5S6 (ʻMargoniaʼ). In addition, the S-genotypes of two parental cultivars were reported in this manuscript for the first time ‘Boambe de Cotnari’ (S2S7) and ‘Ranna Tcherna’ (S1S2). Based on the obtained S-allelic constitutions, the assessed cultivars were assigned to the following incompatibility groups: I, II, VI, IX, XI, XIV, XV, XVI and XLIII. The results generated in this study provide a valuable resource for cross design in developing new cultivars and for orchard management in the efficient high-yielding fruit production

Cercetări privind comportarea unor soiuri de cireş în zona Iaşi

The aim of the paper is to present the valuable features of sweet cherry cultivars obtained at RSFG Iasi but also of some foreign cultivars which improve the range with different fruit ripening period throughout during entire harvest season. Regarding on the three years average yield (2015-2017) it is reported statistically that all the cultivars recorded insignificant differences compared to the average of cultivars (20.3 kg/tree) with values between 16.7 kg/tree (Cătălina) and 24.3 kg/tree (Marina). In terms of weight and equatorial diameter of fruits, Cetăţuia (5.0 g respectively 21.07 mm) recorded significant negative differences compared to the average of the variants (6.9 g and 23.53 mm) and all cultivars taken in the study registered insignificant differences compared with control

ELAIAŞI – new sweet cherry cultivar with high productivity and medium ripening time

The aim of this paper is to improve the autochthonous sweet cherry assortment with new cultivars of good adaptability and ecological plasticity, with superior biological potential, productive, with quality fruits and superior features, in comparison to existing cultivars. Due to the characteristic of having an earlier ripening age for the fruits compared to the other tree species (beginning in May), the cherry is the first ring in the annual chain of fruits production. On the fresh fruits market, the preferred ones are the cultivars type ‘bigarreau’, with shining red colour, resistant to cracking, transport and temporary storage with the weight of over 7 g. Analysing the main phenological stages for the two cultivars, it was noticed that the new sweet cherry cultivar ‘Elaiaşi’ is average both in flowering beginning time and fruits maturation season. In regards to average productions for five years (2012 - 2016), from the statistical point of view, it was noticed that ‘Elaiaşi’ (21.1 kg/tree) recorded production with insignificant positive differences in comparison to the witness cultivar ‘Van’ (20.2 kg/tree). Under the aspect of fruits’ weight and equatorial diameter, ‘Elaiaşi’ (8.8 g and, respectively, 25.1 mm) recorded significant and respectively positive significant differences, in comparison to the witness cultivar ‘Van’ (7.6 g and 23.9 mm). Concerning the fruit’s resistance to cracking, ‘Elaiaşi’ cultivar presented a superior resistance (2.7 %) to the witness cultivar ‘Van’ (42.0 %), recording distinct significant negative differences in comparison to this cultivar from the statistical point of view

Results obtained in breeding of bitter cherry assortment at fruit growing research station Iaşi - Romania

The paper proposes the improvement of the current bitter cherry assortment with new creations made at Iaşi, adapted to the specific conditions from the NE area of Romania. For the improvement of the bitter cherry assortment with new, productive, disease resistant cultivars with fruits of good quality, resistant to cracking with different maturation stages, in 1981 at Fruit Growing Research Station (F.G.R.S.) Iaşi - Romania has begun an action of selection and promoting of some valuable genotypes of bitter cherry (existent in the spontaneous flora or in plantations from the Iaşi county), which were being planted with cultivars and other genotypes from all around the country. Following the positive and gradual selection there were selected three biotypes of bitter cherry from which two of them have been approved as new cultivars in 1994, with the names „Amar Maxut”, respectively, „Amar Galata” and the biotype „Amar R5.P10” has been registered in 2013 at the State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration Bucharest to be approved as a new cultivar. All three bitter cherry genotypes correspond to the objectives of the main assortment breeding. They have a high productivity because the natural fertility index registered values between 36.5-63.7%, the trees have a reduced vigour, they present a good resistance to frost (1-9% affected buds) and to diseases (values of I% anthracnose, 1.1- 2.8%). The fruits are high quality and the maturation stages are at the extremities of the cherries maturation season

Cercetări privind comportarea unor soiuri de cireş cu diferite epoci de coacere în condiţiile zonei de N-E a României

The aim of this study is to improve the sweet cherry tree assortment for the Northeastarea of Romania by promoting the new cultivars created at RSFG Iasi, renewing the current sweet cherry tree assortment with new quality cultivars and especially extending the sweet cherry season, filling the existing gaps during the consumption period. At this time, the market is unbalanced in favor of cultivars in the first part of the fruit season. The tendency is towards rebalancing, by reducing the proportion of cultivars with medium season maturity and increasing the early and the late ones. In termsof productivity, the three-year average production (2016-2018) cultivars as followes Golia (19.7 kg / tree), Margonia (23.3 kg / tree) and Bucium (24.7 kg / tree) was remarkable. Regarding the average weight of the fruit, it recorded values between 4.8 g (Cetatuia) and 7.6 g (Bucium)

Evaluarea unor soiuri de cireş amar obţinute la S.C.D.P. Iaşi

The aim of the paper is to present the valuable features of bitter cherry cultivars obtained at RSFG Iasi, that improve the cultivars’ assortment with different maturation ages of the fruits sequenced all over the cherries’ maturation season. In terms of fruit’s weight (g) and equatorial diameter (mm), the cultivars Amaris (5.1 g and 21.1 mm) and Amar Galata (4.1 g and 18.0 mm) got remarked statistically during the five years. They recorded very significant differences and distinct positive significant differences in comparison with the witness cultivar Silva (3.0 g and 15.8 mm). For the stone’s size, the cultivars recorded a weight between 0.25-0.33 g, recording very negatively significant differences (Amar Maxut with 0.25 g) and negatively distinct significant differences (Amaris with 0.26 g) in comparison with the cultivar Silva as control (0.33 g). Regarding the fruits’ resistance to cracking, Amar Maxut (0.3%), Amaris (0.3%) and Amar Galata (3.3%) present a resistance superior to the control cultivar Silva (4.1%

Investigations on the fruit resistance to deformation in some sweet cherry tree varieties

The knowledge of sweet cherry resistance to deformation was important for a good choice of means and methods of packing, storage and transportation of fresh fruits for consumption, both on internal market and for exportation. In this paper, the authors have shown the results of some determinations on fruit deformation, carried out on seven sweet cherry varieties (Cetăţuia, Cătălina, Maria, Golia, Ştefan, Bucium and Tereza), harvested at three maturation stages: before ripening (10 days before ripening), almost ripe (five days before maturity) and at maturity. We have recorded the fruit resistance to deformation at a weight below 500 g, using an original device made by the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station of Iaşi. This mechanical device can be used for measuring the resistance to deformation of the fruit belonging to some fruit species or of grapes. The fruit deformation was determined for a certain weight (in our determinations, below the weight of 500 g). By comparing the varieties between them, we found that Maria and Bucium varieties were the most resistant to deformation, at all the three harvest stages, significant differences being found, compared to the other varieties. We have used these determinations for the statistical calculation by the analysis of variance for bifactorial trials, in order to establish the most resistant varieties to fruit deformation at different harvest stages

DETERMINATIONS OF THE TREE VIGOR AND ANNUAL GROWTH AT SOME WALNUT GENOTYPES FROM THE ROMANIAN NORTH-EASTERN AREA

The aim of this paper is to present behaviour of some autochthonous and foreign walnut cultivars in the Romanian North Eastern area conditions. Studies were done in 2016, having as research material that 14 walnut genotypes which were in the VIth year after planting grafted on Juglans regia L. as rootstock. Observations and measurements were done to find the behaviour of the plants in the growth process. The climate factors, the tree vigor through trunk cross-section area (cm2), tree height (cm), increases (cm) and number of the young shoots were analyzed. The weakestvigor of the tree showed ‘Sibişel’ (10.9 cm2), ‘Ovidiu’ (11.3 cm2), ‘Geoagiu 65’ (15.5 cm2), ‘Germisara’ (16.7 cm2), ‘Jupâneşti’ (17.1 cm2) and ‘Anica’ (19.5 cm2) with very significant negative differences compared with average variant as control. As the length of the young shoots, the highest values were registered at ‘Miroslava’ (106 cm) and ‘Velniţa’ (94 cm) genotypes

Ciclul biologic al viermelui merelor -cydia pomonellal., la soiuri de nuc în condiţiile ecositemului pomicol Iaşi

The purpose of this paper is to follow Cydiapomonella's biological cycle with the help of pheromone traps in order to warn the treatments and to know the evolution of the pest in the NE area of Romania in the case walnut tree growing. Another objective pursued is to effectively combat this pest with plant protection substances. The observations were made in 2017, having as research material 14 walnut genotypes, in the 7thyear since planting, being grafted on Juglansregia as rootstock. In case of variant 1 phytosanitary treatments with fungicides and insecticides were carried out and in the second variant (V2) no phytosanitary treatments were carried out, pest control being carried out by biotechnical means, using AtraPom synthetic sex pheromones traps. During this period the climatic factors, which influence the occurrence of the pest, were analyzed. Based on the observations made, the flight curve of the species was drawn in the studied area. Following the monitoring of the C. pomonella, we can warn the treatments according to the number of adults captured, as follows: for the first generation in the period 16-20.05.2017 and for the second generation in the period between June 25thto July 1st