Effect of Humic Substances on the Production Parameters of Pheasant Hens

Received: 2015-07-15   |   Accepted: 2015-11-03   |   Available online: 2016-04-23dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.01.11-14There were observed the effects ofadministrationof humicsubstances on health, feed conversion, productionparameters, egg qualityandhatchabilityofpheasants. The supplement of humicsubstances at the concentration 0.5% in the feed mixture significantly influenced the hatchability percentage of pheasant chicks.The hatchability 72.9% was achieved in the group without addition of humic substances.On the contrary, the hatchability 83.4% was achieved in the experimental group in the case of addition of humic substances.The pheasants of the experimental grouphadahigher consumption of feed by 0.27 kgper 1 kg ofproduced eggs, lower production of eggsper one henand the weight of eggs was lower by 1.15 g. Keywords: pheasant, humic substances production, eggs, hatchabilityReferences ABDEL-MAGEED, M.A.A. (2012) Effect of dietary humic substances supplementation on performance and immunity of Japanese quail. Egyptian Poultry Science, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 645-660.ARAFAT, R.Y. et al. (2015) Effect of dietary humic acid via drinking water onthe performance and egg quality of commercial layers. American Journal of Biology and Life Sciences, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 26-30.EL-HUSSEINY, O.M., ABDALLAH, A.G. and ABDEL-LATIF, K.O. (2008) The influence of biological feed additives on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 862-871.EMEA (1999) Committee for veterinary medicinal products. Humic acids and their sodium salts. [Online] Last modified April 21, 2008. Retrieved October 10, 2015 from http://www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/vet/mrls/055499en.pdfEREN, M. et al. (2000) Broyler yemlerine katilan humatlarin besi performansi, serum mineral konsantrasyonu ve kemik külü üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 255-263.ESENBUĞA, N. et al. (2008) Effects of dietary humate supplementation to broilers on performance, slaughter, carcass and meat colour. In Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 1201-1207. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3199HAYIRLI, A. et al. (2005) Nutrition Practice to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Stress on Laying Performance, Metabolic Profile, and Egg Quality in Peak Producing Hens: I. The Humate Supplementation. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1310-1319.KARAOGLU, M. et al. (2004) Effect of supplemental humate at different levels on the growth performance, slaughter and carcass traits of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 406-410.KOCABAĞLI, N. et al. (2002) The effects of dietary humate supplementation on broiler growth and carcass yield. Poultry Science, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 227-230.KUCUKERSAN, S. et al. (2005) The effects of humic acid on egg production and egg traits of laying hen.Veterinary Medicine (in Czech), vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 406-410.MIRNAWATI, Y.R. and MARLIDA, Y. (2013) Effects of humic acid addition via drinking water on the performance of broilers fed diets containing fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake. Archiva Zootechnica, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 41-53.OZTURK, E. et al. (2009) Effects of dietary humic substances on egg production and egg shell quality of hens after peak laying period. African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1155-1159.OZTURK, E. et al. (2012) Performance, carcass, gastrointestinal tract and meat quality traits, and selected blood parameters of broilers fed diets supplemented with humic substances. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 59-65. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4541SKOKANOVÁ, M. and DERCOVÁ, K. (2008) Humic acids. The origin and structure. Chemické Listy, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 262-268 (in Slovak).STEVENSON, F.J. (1994) Humus Chemistry: Genesis, composition, reactions. 2. ed. New York: Wiley.VESELÁ, L. et al. (2005) Structure and properties of natural humic substances type oxihumolit. Chemické Listy, vol. 99, no. 10, pp. 711-717 (in Czech).YÖRÜK, M.A. et al. (2004) The effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period in hens. Poultry Science, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 84-88.

THE EFFECTS OF TWO WAYS OF STORAGE ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN PHEASANT MEAT

In this study the effects of two ways of storage by chilling and vacuum packaging on the physicochemical changes of hunted pheasant meat were determined during the refrigerate storage. Lactic acid, phosphate and pH value in breast and thigh muscle of chilled (n=10) and vacuum packed pheasants (n=10) were evaluated at 1st, 7th and 14th day after weaning. On day 7 lactic acid concentrations significantly increased in thigh (1.63 ± 0.41 g/100g; p ≤ 0.05). On day 14, lactic acid in the nonvacuum packed thigh significantly decreased (0.73 ± 0.56g/100g; p ≤ 0.05) compared to day 7. Significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) concentrations of lactic acid were recorded in vacuum packed than non-vacuum packed thigh muscles on day 14. In breast, significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) in lactic acid between vacuum and non-vacuum packed meat was observed on day 14 (1.88 ± 0.18, respectively 1.15 ± 0.67g/100g). Increased pH value in non-vacuum packed thigh was observed on day 7 (6.49 ± 0.15g/100g), and in vacuum packed on day 14 (6.42 ± 0.13g/100g). Significantly higher concentrations of phosphates in thigh were recorded on day 7 in both groups, vacuum (0.90 ± 0.17; p ≤ 0.05) and non-vacuum packed meat (0.91 ± 0.10; p ≤ 0.05), in comparison with day 1. The significant decrease (0.68 ± 0.18; p ≤ 0.01) of phosphates in thigh were observed on day 14 in non-vacuum packed thigh. In vacuum-packed thigh the phosphates showed significantly increased level (0.89 ± 0.15; p ≤ 0.05) on day 14 compared with day 1. Our results indicate that the most suitable method of storage of pheasant meat is a combination of chilling and vacuum packing. Key words: pheasant; meat; lactic acid; pH; vacuu

Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of orbiviruses in Slovakia

In recent years, rapid spread of Culicoides-borne pathogens such as bluetongue (BT) and Schmallenberg viruses have been reported in Europe. In this study we examined the Culicoides populations in farms with wild and domestic ruminants in Eastern Slovakia with the aim to confirm the presence of biting midges serving as potential vectors of important pathogens. The main vector complexes were the Obsoletus complex (54%; n=4,209) and the Pulicaris complex (23%; n=1,796). To estimate the relative abundance of the cryptic species of the Obsoletus complex (Culicoides obsoletus, Culicoides scoticus and Culicoides montanus), we performed the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on ITS-2 and ITS-1 segments, on 125 midges randomly sampled. The relative abundance of C. obsoletus ranged from 5.26% in the farm with wild ruminants to 85.71% in another farm with cattle and sheep. A total of 112 pools of parous and gravid females belonging to the Obsoletus and Pulicaris complexes were tested for virus detection by the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for BT virus, as well as for the Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV), with negative results

Effect of humic substances on the production parameters of pheasant hens

There were observed the effects ofadministrationof humicsubstances on health, feed conversion, productionparameters, egg qualityandhatchabilityofpheasants. The supplement of humicsubstances at the concentration 0.5 % in the feed mixture significantly influenced the hatchability percentage of pheasant chicks.The hatchability 72.9 % was achieved in the group without addition of humic substances.On the contrary, the hatchability 83.4 % was achieved in the experimental group in the case of addition of humic substances.The pheasants of the experimental grouphadahigher consumption of feed by 0.27 kg per 1 kg ofproduced eggs, lower production of eggsper one henand the weight of eggs was lower by 1.15 g