Multi-product Firms and Product Variety

A preliminary version of this paper was circulated under the title "Too many or too few varieties: the role of multi-product firms" (CEPR Discussion Papers; 5938, Nov. 2006).-- Trabajo publicado como artículo en Economica 79(314): 303-328 (2012).-- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2011.00897.xThe goal of this paper is to study the role of multi-product firms in the market provision of product variety. The analysis is conducted using the spokes model of non-localized competition proposed by Chen and Riordan (2007). Firstly, we show that multi-product firms are at a competitive disadvantage vis-a-vis single-product firms and can only emerge if economies of scope are sufficiently strong. Secondly, under duopoly product variety may be higher or lower with respect to both the first best and the monopolistically competitive equilibrium. However, within a relevant range of parameter values duopolists drastically restrict their product range in order to relax price competition, and as a result product variety is far below the efficient level.We thank the CREA Barcelona Economics Program and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (grants SEJ2005-01427 and SEJ2006-13768) for their support.Peer reviewe

Маркетинговая политика клуба виртуальной реальности «Virtual Reality Playground»

Объектом исследования является клуб виртуальной реальности "Virtual Reality Playground". Предметом исследования является маркетинговая политика клуба виртуальной реальности "Virtual Reality Playground". Цель работы – разработать рекомендации по совершенствованию маркетинговой политики клуба виртуальной реальности "Virtual Reality Playground". Актуальность работы. Рост и развитие сферы услуг обуславливает высокую актуальность темы данной дипломной работы. Высокая конкурентная насыщенность рынка требует незаурядных усилий при планировании и проведении маркетинговой политики, для выделения предприятия в глазах потребителя. В результате исследования были разработаны рекомендации по совершенствованию маркетинговой политика клуба виртуальной реальности "Virtual Reality Playground".The object of the study is the virtual reality club "Virtual Reality Playground". The subject of the study is the marketing policy of the virtual reality club "Virtual Reality Playground". The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for improving the marketing policy of the virtual reality club "Virtual Reality Playground". Actuality of work. The growth and development of the service sector determines the high relevance of the topic of this thesis. High competitive saturation of the market requires extraordinary efforts in planning and implementing marketing policies, to distinguish the enterprise in the eyes of the consumer. As a result of the research, recommendations were developed to improve the marketing policy of the virtual reality club "Virtual Reality Playground"

Anti-HMGB1 Monoclonal Antibody Ameliorates Immunosuppression after Peripheral Tissue Trauma : Attenuated T-Lymphocyte Response and Increased Splenic CD11b + Gr-1 + Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Require HMGB1

Although tissue-derived high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in many aspects of inflammation and tissue injury after trauma, its role in trauma-induced immune suppression remains elusive. Using an established mouse model of peripheral tissue trauma, which includes soft tissue and fracture components, we report here that treatment with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody ameliorated the trauma-induced attenuated T-cell responses and accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the spleens seen two days after injury. Our data suggest that HMGB1 released after tissue trauma contributes to signaling pathways that lead to attenuation of T-lymphocyte responses and enhancement of myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion