Biological data, treatment and imaging information for infants born to women with confirmed toxoplasmosis, possible <i>Toxoplasma</i> infection or non-excluded primary infection.

Two sets of twins were born, one to a mother with confirmed toxoplasmosis and the other to a mother with non-excluded primary infection.</p

Demographic and management data for pregnant women with confirmed toxoplasmosis, possible <i>Toxoplasma</i> infection and non-excluded primary infection.

* Abnormalities related to congenital toxoplasmosis.</p

Classification of maternal toxoplasmosis with primary infection.

Classification according to the recommendations of the French National Reference Centre for Toxoplasmosis [9,18,19].</p

Diagnosis algorithm for congenital toxoplasmosis.

BackgroundToxoplasmosis is an infection caused by an intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. It is usually asymptomatic, but toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy can cause congenital toxoplasmosis, potentially resulting in fetal damage. Epidemiological information is lacking for toxoplasmosis in Mayotte (a French overseas territory). We evaluated (1) the prevalence of maternal toxoplasmosis, (2) the incidence of maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis, and (3) the management of congenital toxoplasmosis in Mayotte.Methodology / Principal FindingsWe collected all the available data for toxoplasmosis serological screening during pregnancy and maternal and congenital cases of toxoplasmosis obtained between January 2017 and August 2019 at the central public laboratory of Mayotte (Mamoudzou). Using toxoplasmosis serological data from samples collected from 16,952 pregnant women we estimated the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Mayotte at 67.19%. Minimum maternal toxoplasmosis incidence was estimated at 0.29% (49/16,952, 95% CI (0.0022–0.0038)), based on confirmed cases of maternal primary infection only. The estimated incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis was 0.09% (16/16,952, 95% CI (0.0005–0.0015). Missing data made it difficult to evaluate management, but follow-up was better for mothers with confirmed primary infection and their infants.Conclusions / SignificanceThe seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women and the incidence of toxoplasmosis are higher in Mayotte than in mainland France. There is a need to improve the antenatal toxoplasmosis screening and prevention programme, providing better information to physicians and the population, to improve management and epidemiological monitoring.</div

Management of newborns with confirmed congenital infection (CT).

*Abnormalities related to congenital toxoplasmosis. (Imaging abnormality: one case with small subependymal haemorrhages typical of toxoplasmosis (no calcification and no ventricular dilation) confirmed on check-up imaging and one case of persistent microcysts in the caudate nucleus).</p

Table1_Unravelling the determinants of human health in French Polynesia: the MATAEA project.docx

BackgroundFrench Polynesia is a French overseas collectivity in the Southeast Pacific, comprising 75 inhabited islands across five archipelagoes. The human settlement of the region corresponds to the last massive migration of humans to empty territories, but its timeline is still debated. Despite their recent population history and geographical isolation, inhabitants of French Polynesia experience health issues similar to those of continental countries. Modern lifestyles and increased longevity have led to a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Likewise, international trade and people mobility have caused the emergence of communicable diseases (CDs) including mosquito-borne and respiratory diseases. Additionally, chronic pathologies including acute rheumatic fever, liver diseases, and ciguatera, are highly prevalent in French Polynesia. However, data on such diseases are scarce and not representative of the geographic fragmentation of the population.ObjectivesThe present project aims to estimate the prevalence of several NCDs and CDs in the population of the five archipelagoes, and identify associated risk factors. Moreover, genetic analyses will contribute to determine the sequence and timings of the peopling history of French Polynesia, and identify causal links between past genetic adaptation to island environments, and present-day susceptibility to certain diseases.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey is based on the random selection of 2,100 adults aged 18–69 years and residing on 18 islands from the five archipelagoes. Each participant answered a questionnaire on a wide range of topics (including demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and medical history), underwent physical measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, arterial pressure, and skin pigmentation), and provided biological samples (blood, saliva, and stool) for biological, genetic and microbiological analyses.ConclusionFor the first time in French Polynesia, the present project allows to collect a wide range of data to explore the existence of indicators and/or risk factors for multiple pathologies of public health concern. The results will help health authorities to adapt actions and preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of NCDs and CDs. Moreover, the new genomic data generated in this study, combined with anthropological data, will increase our understanding of the peopling history of French Polynesia.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT06133400.</p