A framework for mitigating zero-day attacks in IoT

Internet of Things (IoT) aims at providing connectivity between every computing entity. However, this facilitation is also leading to more cyber threats which may exploit the presence of a vulnerability of a period of time. One such vulnerability is the zero-day threat that may lead to zero-day attacks which are detrimental to an enterprise as well as the network security. In this article, a study is presented on the zero-day threats for IoT networks and a context graph-based framework is presented to provide a strategy for mitigating these attacks. The proposed approach uses a distributed diagnosis system for classifying the context at the central service provider as well as at the local user site. Once a potential zero-day attack is identified, a critical data sharing protocol is used to transmit alert messages and reestablish the trust between the network entities and the IoT devices. The results show that the distributed approach is capable of mitigating the zero-day threats efficiently with 33% and 21% improvements in terms of cost of operation and communication overheads, respectively, in comparison with the centralized diagnosis system.Comment: 6 Pages, 6 Figures, Conference on Information Security and Cryptography (CISC-S'17

Optimal Power Flow-Based Calculation of Transmission Constraint Cost

As the construction of High Capacity transmission lines becomes a social issue, construction conditions of power system are being worsened, resulting in the decrease of power supply capacity and increase of supply costs. Because of this, feasibility for construction of High Capacity transmission lines needs to be explained logically, and the most effective method is to present economic effects such as the change of transmission constraint costs and power production costs. This paper intends to propose an Optimal Power Flow(OPF)-based method for calculation of constraint costs due to the construction of new transmission lines and to use it in order to perform case study for High Capacity transmission lines which will be constructed in Republic of Korea

Optimal Power Flow-Based Calculation of Transmission Constraint Cost

As the construction of High Capacity transmission lines becomes a social issue, construction conditions of power system are being worsened, resulting in the decrease of power supply capacity and increase of supply costs. Because of this, feasibility for construction of High Capacity transmission lines needs to be explained logically, and the most effective method is to present economic effects such as the change of transmission constraint costs and power production costs. This paper intends to propose an Optimal Power Flow(OPF)-based method for calculation of constraint costs due to the construction of new transmission lines and to use it in order to perform case study for High Capacity transmission lines which will be constructed in Republic of Korea

Photoreaction characteristics of ferrous oxalate recovered from wastewater

Photoreaction with the Fe(III)–oxalate complex has been reported to play an important role in various photochemical reactions in the natural atmospheric environment, and are applicable to treat various recalcitrant compounds in wastewater. We previously showed that a Fe(II) oxalate (FeOx) crystal can be recovered from the wastewater generated from soil washing, which can then be applied to the photoreaction for degradation of recalcitrant pollutants; however, photoreactions with FeOx compounds have not been fully reported yet. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the photoreaction characteristics of FeOx recovered from wastewater, to demonstrate the feasibility of its application to wastewater treatment. The physical and chemical properties of FeOx were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The photoreaction of FeOx showed high methylene blue (MB) removal efficiencies similar to the reaction with TiO2, indicating that FeOx is applicable to the photoreaction for degradation of pollutants. Furthermore, the photodegradation of MB with FeOx was observed under visible light, as opposed to TiO2. MB could be removed by the photoreaction of FeOx under both basic and acidic pH conditions. Under basic pH conditions, MB could be removed by FeOx via both photoreaction and surface adsorption. The concentration of FeOx affected light penetration and Fe and oxalate levels in the solution, resulting in different MB removal kinetics. The photoreaction efficiency of FeOx could be affected by both photoreaction of Fe and oxalate in the solution and photoreaction and adsorption reaction of the FeOx surface. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd1

Optimal Power Flow-Based Calculation of Transmission Constraint Cost

As the construction of High Capacity transmission lines becomes a social issue, construction conditions of power system are being worsened, resulting in the decrease of power supply capacity and increase of supply costs. Because of this, feasibility for construction of High Capacity transmission lines needs to be explained logically, and the most effective method is to present economic effects such as the change of transmission constraint costs and power production costs. This paper intends to propose an Optimal Power Flow(OPF)-based method for calculation of constraint costs due to the construction of new transmission lines and to use it in order to perform case study for High Capacity transmission lines which will be constructed in Republic of Korea

Visible light-induced photocatalytic oxidation of 4-chlorophenol and dichloroacetate in nitrided Pt-TiO2 aqueous suspensions

This article reports the effect of nitridation treatment of TiO2 and Pt-doped TiO2 (Pt-TiO2) photocatalyst and assesses their performance as a visible light-induced photocatalyt for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and dichloroacetate (DCA). Nitridation treatment changed the physicochemical properties of TiO2 and Pt-TiO2. The primary particle size of nitrided samples, n-TiO2 and n-Pt-TiO2, was slightly smaller than that of untreated samples. Surface area was increased more than two times after nitridation treatment. Thermal phase transformation (anatase to rutile) was retarded by the nitridation treatment. The visible light absorption of n-Pt-TiO2 was more extended than that of Pt-TiO2 and Pt(II)/Pt(IV) ratio in n-Pt-TiO2 was lower than that in Pt-TiO2. Enhanced photocatalytic activities of nitrided samples were observed for 4-CP degradation under UV and visible irradiation. However, the enhancement effect of nitridation treatment was not observed under visible irradiation for DCA degradation. Photocatalytic activity was restrictively enhanced and significantly affected by the kind of substrates. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1

Efficient removal of Cs ion by electrochemical adsorption and desorption reaction using NiFe Prussian blue deposited carbon nanofiber electrode

Prussian blue (PB) analog (NiFe, CoFe, FeFe, and commercial(cPB)) decorated carbon nanofiber (CNF) electrodes were synthesized by the drop casting method in this study to investigate the interaction between PB and CNF for the electrochemical adsorption (EA) and electrochemical desorption (ED) of Cs ion (Cs+). The adhesion of PB on the electrode and the EA and ED of Cs+ were substantially higher when the CNF electrode was used, compared with the fluorine-doped tin oxide supporting electrode. The use of CNF led to the smooth occurrence of EA and ED of Cs+, where the reported efficiency was: NiFe > FeFe > cPB. The EA and ED of Cs+ on NiFe decorated CNF (C-NiFe) were strongly affected by the loading amount of NiFe. Although the strongest EA capacity was identified when 1 mg of NiFe was used, it decreased as the loading amount of NiFe increased. Thus, the EA of Cs+ occurs under the reduction of NiFe with some Fe(III) reduced to Fe(II) of NiFe, thus inducing more adsorption of Cs+. Overall, we confirmed that the C-NiFe electrode with appropriate thickness of NiFe layer is potentially an excellent adsorbent for Cs removal. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.FALS

Bifunctional Fenton-like catalyst enabling oxidative and reductive removal of contaminants synergically in chemical reagent-free aerated solution

This study demonstrated the performance of Fe2O3 nanorods-loaded carbon nanofiber sheet (Fe2O3/CNF) as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for simultaneous removal of various organic and inorganic contaminants without external energy input and chemical reagents. Fe2O3/CNF exhibited notable activities for spontaneous oxidative degradation and reductive transformation in ambient solution, with a synergistic effect for removing dual contaminants (organic||inorganic). The synergistic redox conversions on Fe2O3/CNF were facilitated by the in-situ generation of oxidant and reductant. The additional oxidant can be generated by the reaction of chromium species with in-situ produced H2O2 while the additional reductant can be generated by the incomplete oxidation of organic contaminants. Various spectroscopic characterizations and mechanistic analyses suggest that simultaneous redox conversions are induced by spontaneous electron transfers on Fe2O3/CNF. Furthermore, a flow-reactor equipped with Fe2O3/CNF achieved the simultaneous removal of dual contaminants, making it an effective reactive filter that operates without chemical reagents for water treatment