568 research outputs found
Change of the upper airway after mandibular setback surgery in patients with mandibular prognathism and anterior open bite
Purpose
It has been reported before that the amount of pharyngeal airway space (PAS) significantly decreases following mandibular setback (MS) surgery in patients with mandibular prognathism (MP). Further, MP patients with an anterior open-bite (AOB) presentation may show a larger decrease in PAS compared with those without AOB. However, studies on postoperative PAS changes in MP patients with AOB remain rare. This study sought to evaluate changes in PAS and hyoid bone positioning following MS surgery in MP patients with and without AOB.
Patients and methods
Twenty patients who underwent two jaw surgery involving MS movement were included. Patients were divided into a non-AOB group (n = 10; overbite > 2โmm) and an AOB group (n = 10; overbite < โ 4โmm). Three-dimensional changes in PAS and hyoid bone positioning were compared and statistically evaluated pre- and postoperatively using computed tomography (CT).
Results
The mean magnitude of MS was 6.0 ยฑ 2.8โmm and 5.6 ยฑ 3.2โmm in the non-AOB group and AOB group, respectively. The oropharyngeal volume and upper hypopharyngeal volume were significantly reduced after surgery in both the groups (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003), while the retroglossal cross-sectional area was significantly reduced only in the AOB group (p = 0.028). Although the AOB group showed a larger decrease in PAS, the difference was not statistically significant between the groups. The position of the hyoid bone showed significant posterior and inferior displacement only in the AOB group, while the vertical displacement of the hyoid bone showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusion
PAS was significantly decreased after MS in both the groups, while only the AOB group presented a statistically significant reduction in the retroglossal cross-sectional area. Vertical displacement of the hyoid bone showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, while the PAS change was not. Surgeons should be aware of potential postoperative airway problems that may arise when performing MS surgeries
Tissue Adequacy and Safety of Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Biopsy for Molecular Analysis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the tissue adequacy and complication rates of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) for molecular analysis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a literature search of the OVID-MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify original studies on the tissue adequacy and complication rates of PTNB for molecular analysis in patients with NSCLC published between January 2005 and January 2020. Inverse variance and random-effects models were used to evaluate and acquire meta-analytic estimates of the outcomes. To explore heterogeneity across the studies, univariable and multivariable meta-regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS: A total of 21 studies with 2232 biopsies (initial biopsy, 8 studies; rebiopsy after therapy, 13 studies) were included. The pooled rates of tissue adequacy and complications were 89.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.6%-92.6%; I(2) = 0.81) and 17.3% (95% CI: 12.1%-23.1%; I(2) = 0.89), respectively. These rates were 93.5% and 22.2% for the initial biopsies and 86.2% and 16.8% for the rebiopsies, respectively. Severe complications, including pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement and massive hemoptysis, occurred in 0.7% of the cases (95% CI: 0%-2.2%; I(2) = 0.67). Multivariable meta-regression analysis showed that the tissue adequacy rate was not significantly lower in studies on rebiopsies (p = 0.058). The complication rate was significantly higher in studies that preferentially included older adults (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: PTNB demonstrated an average tissue adequacy rate of 89.3% for molecular analysis in patients with NSCLC, with a complication rate of 17.3%. PTNB is a generally safe and effective diagnostic procedure for obtaining tissue samples for molecular analysis in NSCLC. Rebiopsy may be performed actively with an acceptable risk of complications if clinically required
Cordycepin promotes apoptosis by modulating the ERK-JNK signaling pathway via DUSP5 in renal cancer cells
Constitutive activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling commonly occurs in tumors. The activation of ERK promotes cell proliferation, whereas that of JNK induces cell apoptosis. However, the apoptotic mechanism of ERK-JNK signaling in cancer is not well understood. Recently, we identified that apoptosis and activation of the JNK signaling pathway were induced after cordycepin treatment in human renal cancer, suggesting that JNK signaling might contribute to TK-10 cell apoptosis. We investigated the apoptotic effects of cordycepin by evaluating the activation of the ERK-JNK signaling pathway in renal cancer TK-10 cells. We found that cordycepin downregulated ERK and DUSP5, upregulated phosphorylated-JNK (p-JNK), and induced apoptosis. Moreover, we showed that siRNA-mediated inhibition of ERK downregulated DUSP5, whereas ERK overexpression upregulated DUSP5, and that DUSP5 knockdown by siRNA upregulated p-JNK. The JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 upregulated nuclear translocation of ฮฒ-catenin, and downregulated Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), which has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling. Dkk1 knockdown by siRNA upregulated nuclear ฮฒ-catenin, suggesting the involvement of the Wnt/ฮฒ-catenin signaling pathway. DUSP5 overexpression in TK-10 cells decreased p-JNK and increased nuclear ฮฒ-catenin. The decreased Bax activation markedly protected against cordycepin-induced apoptosis. Bax subfamily proteins induced apoptosis through caspase-3. Taken together, we show that JNK signaling activation by cordycepin mediated ERK inhibition, which might have induced Bax translocation and caspase-3 activation via regulation of DUSP5 in TK-10 cells, thereby promoting the apoptosis of TK-10 cells. Targeting ERK-JNK signaling via the apoptotic effects of cordycepin could be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat renal cancer
Cordycepin induces apoptosis by caveolin-1-mediated JNK regulation of Foxo3a in human lung adenocarcinoma
Forkhead transcription factor (Foxo3a) is a downstream effector of JNK-induced tumor suppression. However, it is not clear whether the caveolin-1 (CAV1)-mediated JNK/Foxo3a pathway is involved in cancer cell apoptosis. We found that cordycepin upregulates CAV1 expression, which was accompanied by JNK phosphorylation (p-JNK) and subsequent Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus, resulting in the upregulation of Bax protein expression. Furthermore, we found that CAV1 overexpression upregulated p-JNK, whereas CAV1 siRNA downregulated p-JNK. Additionally, SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, significantly increased Foxo3a phosphorylation, which downregulated Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus, indicating that CAV1 mediates JNK regulation of Foxo3a. Foxo3a siRNA downregulated Bax protein and attenuated A549 apoptosis, indicating that the CAV1-mediated JNK/Foxo3a pathway induces the apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells. Cordycepin significantly decreased tumor volume in nude mice. Taken together, these results indicate that cordycepin promotes CAV1 upregulation to enhance JNK/Foxo3a signaling pathway activation, inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells, and support its potential as a therapeutic agent for lung cancer
A case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with seizures and psychosis
Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare, poorly understood, autoimmune disease characterized by symptoms of acute or subacute encephalopathy associated with increased anti-thyroid antibody levels. Here, we report a case of a 14-year-old girl with HE and briefly review the literature. The patient presented with acute mental changes and seizures, but no evidence of infectious encephalitis. In the acute stage, the seizures did not respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs, including valproic acid, phenytoin, and topiramate. The clinical course was complicated by the development of acute psychosis, including bipolar mood, insomnia, agitation, and hallucinations. The diagnosis of HE was supported by positive results for antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies. Treatment with methylprednisolone was effective; her psychosis improved and the number of seizures decreased. HE is a serious but curable, condition, which might be underdiagnosed if not suspected. Anti-thyroid antibodies must be measured for the diagnosis. HE should be considered in patients with diverse neuropsychiatric manifestations
๊ตญ๋ด ๋ ผํ์ง ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ APEX-paddy ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์ฉ์ฑ ํ๊ฐ
APEX ๋ชจํ์ ๋ค์ํ ์๋ ํ๋์ ํ ์๊ณผ ๋ฌผํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ํ ์ํฅ์ ํ์ง ๋ฐ ์ ์ญ ๊ท๋ชจ๋ก ํ๊ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ๋ชจํ์ด๋ค. ์ต๊ทผ APEX์ ์ฃผ์๊ธฐ์์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๋
ผ์์์ ์๋์ ์ด์์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์์ง, ์๋ถ ์ ์ถ์ ๋ํ ๋ชจ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋๋ก ํ APEX-Paddy๊ฐ ๊ณ ์๋ ๋ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ณธ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ต์ฐ ์ง์ญ์ ๋
ผ ์ํํฌ ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ APEX-Paddy ๋ชจํ์ ์ ์ฉ์ฑ์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค. 2013๋
๊ณผ 2014๋
์ ๋
ผ์ ์ถ๋๊ณผ ๋ถํ๋ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์์งํ๊ณ ์๋๋ณด์ ํด APEX-CUTE 4.1๊ณผ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์๋๋ณด์ ์ ํตํด ๋ชจํ์ ๋ชจ์์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๊ฒํ ํ๊ณ ํ๊ณ์ ์๊ณ ์ฐฐํ์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋
ผ์ ๋ฌผ์์ง์ ์ง์ ๋ฐฐ์ถ๋ถํ๋์ ๋์ฒด๋ก ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์์ค์ ๋ชจ์์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๋ณด์ด๋ ํํธ ์ ์ฌ๋๊ณผ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์ถ๋ถํ๋ ๋ชจ์์์์ด ๋
ผ์ ๋ด์์ํ ์ ์ฌ๋ฐฐ์ถ ๊ธฐ์์ ๋ํ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ ๋ฏธํกํ์ฌ ๋ชจ์์ฑ๋ฅ์ ํ๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์์ธ์ ๋ํด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ์๋ค. ๋๋ถ์ด์๋๋ณด์ ํด์ ์ ์ฉ์ ์์ด ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ํ ์๋๋ณด์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋ค ์ ํ๋๊ฐ ๋ค์ ๋จ์ด์ง๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ ๋ณด์ฌ ๊ทธ ํ์ฉ์ ์ ์๊ฐํ์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ๋จ๋์๋ค.
The APEX model has been developed for assessing agricultural management efforts and their effects on soil and water at the field scale as well asmore complex multi-subarea landscapes, whole farms, and watersheds. Recently, a key component of APEX application, named APEX-Paddy, hasbeen modified for simulating water quality by considering paddy rice management practices. In this study, the performance of the APEX-Paddy modelwas evaluated using field data at Iksan experimental paddy sites in Korea. The discharge and pollutant load data during 2013 and 2014 were usedto both manually and automatically calibrate the model. The APEX auto-calibration tool (APEX-CUTE 4.1) was used for model calibration andsensitivity analysis. Results indicate that APEX-Paddy reasonably performs in predicting runoff discharge rate and nitrogen yield. However, sedimentand phosphorus yield is not correctly predicted due to the limitation of model schemes. With APEX-Paddy, the performance in reproducing thedischarge and nitrogen yield is found to be a satisfactory level after manual calibration. The manually calibrated model performed better than theautomatically calibrated model in nearly all comparisons. For runoff, manual calibration reduced PBIAS while R2 and NSE values of the automaticallycalibrated model were the same as the manual calibration. For T-N, NSE and PBIAS were reduced when using manual calibration, whereas R2 valuewas the same as manual calibration. The limitation of the APEX-Paddy model for predicting sediment, as well as the phosphorous yield, was discussedin this study.N
Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a 2 Month-Old Infant: A Severe Form of Hypocalcemia With Vitamin D Deficient Rickets
Dilated cardiomyopathy, which mostly has an idiopathic etiology or is caused by genetic inheritance or infection, can cause irreversible congestive heart failure. Hypocalcemia is a rare etiology of reversible dilated cardiomyopathy. Here we report the case of a two-month-old girl with congestive heart failure who was diagnosed as having dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to hypocalcemia. After calcium and vitamin D replacement therapy, the patient showed a rapid reduction in hypocalcemic tetany and a rapid recovery of left ventricular function. The cause of the hypocalcemia was vitamin D deficient rickets. She was exclusively breast-fed as an infant, and her mother had a vitamin D deficiency and was diagnosed with osteomalacia
Analysis of Skin Humidity Variation Between Sasang Types
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between variations in skin humidity (SH) induced by perspiration across Sasang types and to identify novel and effective Sasang classification factors. We also analyzed the responses of each Sasang type to sweating-related QSCC II items. The results revealed a significant difference in SH across gender and significant differences in SH before and after perspiration between Tae-Eum and So-Eum men. In addition, Tae-Eum women showed significant differences in SH compared with women classified as another Sasang type. Furthermore, evaluation of the items related to sweating in the QSCC II and their relationship to each constitution revealed a significant difference between Tae-Eum and other Sasang types. Overall, the results of this study indicate that there is a distinct SH difference following perspiration between Tae-Eum and other Sasang types. Such findings may aid in Sasang typology diagnostic testing with the support of further sophisticated clinical studies
Attack of Many Eavesdroppers via Optimal Strategy in Quantum Cryptography
We examine a situation that eavesdroppers attack the Bennett-Brassard
cryptographic protocol via their own optimal and symmetric strategies.
Information gain and mutual information with sender for each eavesdropper are
explicitly derived. The receiver's error rate for the case of arbitrary
eavesdroppers can be derived using a recursive relation. Although first
eavesdropper can get mutual information without disturbance arising due to
other eavesdroppers, subsequent eavesdropping generally increases the
receiver's error rate. Other eavesdroppers cannot gain information on the input
signal sufficiently. As a result, the information each eavesdropper gains
becomes less than optimal one.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
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