A Study of Reading Comprehension and Receptive Vocabulary Retention Using the Electronic Glossing Sandwich Approach

Abstract The present research deals with the English as second language apprentices’ reading comprehension and receptive linguistic retention using the sandwich approach for the first language and making the way of communication simple by the use of electronic glossing in the education sector of Pakistan. The leading objectives of the article were to explore whether the learners who have approach to electronic glosses have better reading scores than the ones who have no access to electronic glosses in an ESL classroom and to investigate whether the learners who have access to electronic glosses have a higher vocabulary than the ones who have no access to electronic glosses in an ESL classroom. A quantitative research method was adopted to carry out this research. The data was collected from 40 students at a private school in Rawalpindi with different socio-economic backgrounds. The collected data was analyzed by three different analyses of variance (ANOVA) conducted to get the results of reading comprehension of the students followed by instant vocabulary test, and delayed vocabulary test. Moreover, four univariate analyses of the covariate (ANCOVAs) were introduced to examine the hypotheses using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-24) software. The results of present study demonstrated the benefits of the electronic glossing in ESL classroom. The use of electronic glossing should not be neglected while learning English as second language in the private education sector of Pakistan, where direct method is used for teaching English as second language

Mediastinal Synovial Sarcoma.

The mediastinum is an uncommon site of synovial sarcoma which is a rare soft tissue malignancy. An 18 year old boy was admitted for right sided chest pain since one year. Based on the CT scan chest findings, tru-cut biopsy of the mass was performed and histopathology initially reported as neurofibroma. The tumor was excised via posterolateral thoracotomy and excisional biopsy established the diagnosis of primary synovial sarcoma arising from the mediastinum. Patient was started on adjuvant chemotherapy at the oncologist tumor board’s recommendation and he received 6 cycles of adriamycin and ifosfamide. At last follow up he is free of tumor recurrence

Effect of Natural and Artificial Diets on the Life History Parameters of Melon Fruit Fly Bactrocera Cucurbitae (Coquillett)

Fruit flies are the noxious pests of fruits and vegetables throughout out the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The melon fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae is a polyphagous pest of vegetables and fruits. We evaluated the effect of natural bottle gourd, (Lagenaria siceraria) and artificial diets on the life history parameters of B. cucurbitae under lab conditions. Results revealed that shortest incubation period (3.0 ± 0.54) was observed on natural diet whereas; lowest hatching % (12.4 ± 2.11) was observed on blotting papers. However, reduced larval duration (5.6 ± 0.24) was observed when maggots were provided with bottle gourd as compared with artificial diet (6.6 ± 0.24). Furthermore, significantly (p < 0.05) higher pupal recovery, pupal duration and adult emergence were recorded on natural diet. In contrast, statistically higher pupal weight (p < 0.05) was observed on artificial diet. In addition, number of deformed adults was higher in natural diet as compared to artificial diet. These findings could be helpful in defining more optimum conditions for the mass rearing of B.cucurbitae for use in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), programmes for various orchards. Key words: Natural diet, Artificial diet, Incubation period of B. cucurbitae.

An Incidental Finding of Azygos Lung Lobe

An azygos lobe of a lung, a rare anomaly or anatomical variant of the lung formed during embryogenesis when the posterior cardinal vein deviates from its normal migration path. Clinically, azygos lobe can imitate various ailments. Most commonly, it is found incidentally and usually involved the right lung. ‘Azygos’ means ‘an unpaired structure’ in the Greek language. Discussed here, is a rare case of a 35-year-old patient who presented with symptoms of a lung hydatid cyst but was incidentally diagnosed with azygos lobe on the computed tomography scan. The imaging findings were confirmed intraoperatively during the excision of the ruptured hydatid cyst of the lung. It is crucial for physicians to know about this rare anatomical variant of the lung to avoid a misdiagnosis. It is even more important for thoracic surgeons to be aware of an azygos lobe of the lung so they can predict and avoid its associated complications during thoracic surgery. Keywords: Azygos Vein; Lung; Hydatid Cyst; Thoracic Surgery

Leiomyoma of the Trachea: A Rare Tracheal Tumor

This is a case of a rare tracheal tumor, in a 45year old male farmer who presented with recurrent dyspnea for four years, initially misdiagnosed as asthma. The patient experienced worsening symptoms, including cough, hemoptysis, weight loss, and respiratory failure. Imaging and bronchoscopy revealed a tracheal mass, later identified as leiomyoma. The patient underwent tumor resection via rigid bronchoscopy, resulting in successful removal and tracheal recanalization. Postoperatively, the patient showed improvement, and follow-up examinations confirmed resolution of symptoms and absence of tumors, such as leiomyoma, are rare, often causing airway obstructions. Treatment approaches vary, including surgical resection and endoscopic techniques. In the case of wide-based tumors, surgical intervention is recommended to reduce recurrence risks. Anesthesia management is crucial due to potential airway compromise during the procedure. Although recurrence rates for leiomyoma are unknown, incomplete bronchoscopic resection has been associated with reoccurrence, necessitating surgery and carinal reconstruction