Investigating The Influence of Teacher Aggression on Student Academic Motivation in Province of Sindh, Pakistan

The present study aimed to explore the impact of teacher aggressive behaviors on student academic motivation in Sindh, one of the provinces in Pakistan. A descriptive survey research design was employed, utilizing a sample of 120 public school teachers (70 female and 50 male). Data was collected using a researcher-developed instrument called the "Teachers Aggressive Behavior Survey" (TABS). The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, and the hypothesis was tested using t-test statistics at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicated that teachers exhibit various forms of aggressive behaviors that negatively impact student participation in academic activities. It is recommended that school administrators take steps to raise awareness among teachers about the detrimental effects of aggressive behaviors on student academic motivation

Qualitative Research in Applied Linguistics: A Practical Introduction, edited by Juanita Heigham and Robert Croker

This review makes a point in favor of the assertion made for the book that it is a practical introduction to the qualitative research in applied linguistics. The book consists of four parts: an overview of qualitative research, qualitative research methods, qualitative data collection methods, ethical practice issues and the writing of research reports. After proving a rich introduction to the qualitative research, the book discusses qualitative research approaches using a reader-friendly and interactive structure: pre-reading and post-reading questions along with the list of further readings. Then the data collection tools have been thoroughly discussed. What makes this book more useful is the use of illustrative examples for each qualitative research approach and data collection tool. The last part discusses core issues of ethics and drafting a research report. From the perspective of a novice researcher, it has achieved the goal of educating readers about qualitative research methods and data collection tools, as it gradually tracks the reader and provides them with a linking concept for a better understanding. However, reference to one study for both ethnography and case study remains a confusing point. Besides, the review suggests addition of some images to make reading of the book more interesting, especially for visual learners. Besides, a diagram should be given at the end of research methods chapters to outline the steps taken by researchers to do their studies

Paragraph Organization Errors in the Writing of Pakistani College-Going Students: An Error Analysis Study

Writing something worthy of reading in a foreign language is a challenging task. Students learning English as a foreign or a second language suffer most in writing especially in paragraph writing. Although studies have been conducted to explore language errors in English composition of Pakistani students, paragraph organization errors have received little attention. Therefore, this study investigated errors in the unity, development, and coherence in the paragraphs written by Pakistani college students. Besides, the study also explored the factors that cause errors in the paragraphs. In this regard, writing samples of purposively selected 20 college participants were analyzed using error analysis classification by Liu and Wang (2011). Thereafter, five participants were interviewed individually through semi-structured interviews to explore factors that cause errors in the paragraphs of college students. The findings revealed that the students made most errors in paragraph unity, followed by paragraph development, and then paragraph coherence. Besides, the thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that cramming culture, excessive attention given to grammar and lack of quality feedback were the key factors that had affected the paragraph organization skills of these students. The study discusses implications for students and teachers