Identification of suitable areas for disposal of urban waste using spatial analysis (Case study: Hamidiyeh county)

Background: One of the most important environmental challenges of many developing countries is the disposal of urban waste as a sustainable solution. This study aimed to determine the most suitable location for the landfill in Hamidiyeh County using the hierarchical analysis model (AHP) and (GIS). Methods: At first, 11 criteria were selected in three socioeconomic, hydrological, and geomorphological environments as effective criteria. Then the spatial data in the GIS software was transformed into new information layers. Each of the criteria and sub-criteria was weighted through the process of AHP according to the importance of them in locating the landfill. Results: The highest and the lowest weight belonged to socioeconomic criterion and the geomorphological criterion with a weight of 0.594 and 0.157, respectively. Finally, the appropriate location map was created for the landfill in four classes including completely appropriate, appropriate, inappropriate, and completely inappropriate. The results showed that 60% of the area was suitable for the landfill site. The site proposed for landfill based on the estimated land area for the next 20 years, was the C site located in the northwest with an area of 2505.788 hectares. In general, C site was more suitable than other sites, and there was little risk for pollution of surface water and environment. It also had the lowest cost of transporting and depositing waste to the landfill, in compliance with the environmental conditions. Conclusion: The selected site should be considered by Hamidiyeh municipal waste management authorities to bury waste, concerning the unsuitable location of the current landfill site of the city. Keywords: Urban Waste, Site Selection, AHP, GIS, Hamidiye

FMEA TECHNIQUES USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT

Other industries or strategic installations cities after the industrialization process, a large percentage of urban land use, consciously or unconsciously to have been allocated. Investigation and detection of black spots and dangerous in systems and processes to prevent accidents is of particular importance. Risks in the project, are unknown events that may happen in the event of a negative or positive impact on project objectives is effective. Each event has specific causes and consequences are distinguishable. The consequences of these events directly in time, cost and quality. Therefore, effective project risk identification and to determine the effect of special importance. Organizations should be able to use a variety of methods to assess the risk of one or a combination of the select few. This article introduces the risk assessment and FMEA methodology has been focused on the process of doing that

Assessment and Prioritization of Environmental Risks in Gaz and Hara Rivers Estuary International Wetland

Wetland ecosystems have many economic and ecological functions and values, but today their security and existence have been heavily influenced by various natural and human factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify, rank and assess environmental risks threatening Khur-e- Azini International wetland located in Hormozgan province. In order to identify risk factors, the Delphi method and the multi-criteria decision-making methods, AHP and TOPSIS were used for prioritizing risks. According to the results of the technique AHP, fuel smuggling, marine transportation and oil pollution were respectively ranked first to third. The results of TOPSIS technique based on the relative proximity (Cj +) indicate that the oil pollution (1) and the fuel smuggling (0.9154) are ranked first to second. In general, based on the ranking of risks, 8.6 percent of risks were placed in the unbearable category, 8.6 percent of risks were placed in the significant category, 26.08 percent of risks were placed in the average category, and 30.43 percent of risks were placed in the category of tolerable risks. According to the results, management priorities and planning should be considered seriously to minimize the risks and consequences that have irreversible effects on the environment and wetlands function

Risk Assessment and Grading of Environmental Sustainability of the International Wetlands of Southern Coasts of Iran

Wetlands are sensitive and valuable ecosystems but today their safety and their sustainability have been harshly influenced by various natural and human factors. Using environmental risk assessment is an important tool in studies of environmental management and recognition and reduction of the potentially harmful environmental factors to achieve sustainable development. This research was conducted to identify and assess the risks and grading of environmental sustainability of the international wetlands of the southern coast of Iran in the provinces of Khuzestan and Hormozgan. Accordingly, to identify and prioritize the risks  the Delphi methodology, to prioritize and calculate the weight of the indicators the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) process, and the ELECTRE technique were used to rank the wetlands based on unfavorable environmental conditions. The results showed that 27 factors of pressure and threat were identified for The International Wetland of Shadegan, Khur_e_ Omayyeh and Khur_e_Mousa Estuary, Khur-e-khuran International wetland, Salty, Sweet and Minab Rivers International Wetlands, Gaz and Hara Rivers Estuary International wetland and Shidvar International Wetland. The results of the paired comparisons between the threats of the studied wetlands show that the first to fifth ranking threats are related to the discharge and disposal of waste in the wetland, climate change and drought, oil pollution, dam construction, and the reduction of vegetation density, and other indicators are in the next ranks. Finally, the analysis and comparison for the ranking of the studied wetlands based on the ELECTRE method showed that The International Wetland of Shadegan, Khur_e_ Omayyeh and Khur_e_Mousa Estuary suffer the highest threat and pressure and Shidvar International Wetland has a more favorable ecological condition