Свободнорадикальные механизмы повреждения при болезнях органов дыхания

Free radical mechanisms of injury in respiratory disease.Свободнорадикальные механизмы повреждения при болезнях органов дыхания

The significance of soluble molecules of cellular adhesion, nitric oxide metabolites, and endothelin-1 and their associations as markers of progression of inflammation in COPD

© 2017, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved. The aim of the investigation was to assess the significance of the content of metabolites of the nitric oxide, sICAM-1 and sICAM-3 in blood serum and in exhaled breath condensate, the serum level of endothelin-1 as systemic and topical markers of inflammation in patients with COPD, and their correlations with the parameters of lung ventilation function. Materials and methods. 91 patients with COPD, aged from 46 to 67, and 21 healthy, non-smoking volunteers took part in the study. The material for investigation was blood serum and exhaled breath condensate. Results. The severity of progression of COPD was linked with an increase in the serum content of sCD50, sCD54, ET-1, as well as in the concentrations of metabolites of nitric oxide in blood and in exhaled breath condensate. For the patients with COPD we determined the associations between the function of pulmonary ventilation and the levels of ET-1, sICAM-1, sICAM-3 and the value of ΣNO – 2 /NO – 3 . The resulting correlations between the concentration of soluble adhesion molecules, the values of nitrosative stress, and ET-1 level indicate that they are involved in the genesis of chronic inflammation in COPD patients

Relationship of the Content of Systemic and Endobronchial Soluble Molecules of CD25, CD38, CD8, and HLA-I-CD8 and Lung Function Parameters in COPD Patients

© 2017 Nailya Kubysheva et al. The definition of new markers of local and systemic inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the priority directions in the study of pathogenesis and diagnostic methods improvement for this disease. We investigated 91 patients with COPD and 21 healthy nonsmokers. The levels of soluble CD25, CD38, CD8, and HLA-I-CD8 molecules in the blood serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in moderate-to-severe COPD patients during exacerbation and stable phase were studied. An unidirectional change in the content of sCD25, sCD38, and sCD8 molecules with increasing severity of COPD was detected. The correlations between the parameters of lung function and sCD8, sCD25, and sHLA-I-CD8 levels in the blood serum and EBC were discovered in patients with severe COPD. The findings suggest a pathogenetic role of the investigated soluble molecules of the COPD development and allow considering the content of sCD8, sCD25, and sHLA-I-CD8 molecules as additional novel systemic and endobronchial markers of the progression of chronic inflammation of this disease

Relative body mass index as a new tool for nutritional status assessment in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma

© 2017, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved.The aim of the investigation was to estimate the possibilities of using relative body mass index (RBMI) for determining age- and gender-specific aspects of nutritional status in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma (BA) of different severity degrees. Materials and Methods. The study involved 887 children and adolescents with BA of different severities, aged 5–17 years (61– 215 months), of them 655 were boys. Their body mass index (BMI) was evaluated based on the Z-score criterion and nutritional status was determined as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). To unify nutritional status assessment in patients of different age and gender groups, there was introduced RBMI representing the ratio of the patient’s BMI to gender- and age-specific median BMI value presented in the WHO reference data. Results. Nutritional status and its relation to BA were studied in children and adolescents using two parameters: the standard nutritional status indicator based on BMI Z-scores as recommended by WHO, and a new parameter, RBMI, representing the ratio of the patient’s BMI to gender- and age-specific median BMI value recommended by WHO. No significant nutritional status differences were found in the studied sample of patients with various degrees of BA severity. There was revealed a tendency to a decrease in the proportion of children with normal body weight and an increase in the proportion of overweight children as BA severity increased, χ2=26.82; р=0.08. Conclusion. Using RBMI for assessment of BA patients makes it possible to significantly facilitate clinical data analysis and obtain new data unavailable when standard parameters are applied

Оксидативный стресс и бронхоспазм, вызванный физической нагрузкой в спорте высоких достижений: существует ли взаимосвязь?

Oxidative stress and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes: does the interrelation exist?Оксидативный стресс и бронхоспазм, вызванный физической нагрузкой в спорте высоких достижений: существует ли взаимосвязь

Нитрозивный и оксидативный стресс при заболеваниях органов дыхания

Respiratory diseases are accompanied by activation of free radical-related processes with enhancement and subsequent suppression of different parts of antioxidant defense. This could result in development of oxidative and nitrosative stresses. General mechanisms of development of oxidative and nitrosative stresses in respiratory diseases as well as antioxidant defense of respiratory system have been described in this review. Markers of oxidative and nitrosative stresses in different respiratory pathology were investigated. Oxidative and nitrosative stresses are multi-level processes with intricate regulation which are closely related to other physiological and pathophysiological processes. Investigation of mechanisms of oxidative and nitrosative stresses could improve diagnostics and contribute to development of new therapeutic approaches and agents.Заболевания органов дыхания сопровождаются интенсификацией свободнорадикальных процессов на разных уровнях биологической организации организма с одновременным напряжением и последующим угнетением различных звеньев антиоксидантной защиты, что приводит к развитию оксидативного (ОС) и нитрозивного (НС) стресса. Рассмотрены основные механизмы развития и инициации ОС и НС при патологии легких. Охарактеризованы системы антиоксидантной защиты респираторного тракта. Представлены результаты исследования маркеров НС и ОС при различных заболеваниях респираторного тракта. Показано, что НС и ОС являются многоуровневыми сложнорегулируемыми процессами, существующими и развивающимися в нераздельной связи с рядом физиологических и патофизиологических процессов. Изучение механизмов НС и ОС способствует улучшению качества диагностики и побуждает к разработке новых терапевтических подходов и агентов, воздействующих на отдельные звенья патогенеза

Комплексная оценка уровня контроля над бронхиальной астмой у детей на основе определения содержания метаболитов оксида азота в конденсате выдыхаемого воздуха и спирографических параметров

Summary. The aim of this study was to estimate a prognostic value of nitric oxide metabolites (NOM) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a marker of asthma control level. We examined 243 patients (of them, 162 males) aged 5 to 17 yrs with atopic asthma. Some of the patients were treated with corticosteroids (CS), others had not been never treated with CS (steroid-naive patients). Asthma control was assessed using the ACQ-5 questionnaire, the EBC NOM total concentration was measured with the Griess-Ilosvay's method modified by S.Soodaeva. In patients with good asthma control, EBC NOM concentration was 6.41 Ѓ} 2.33 μmol / L compared to 8.40 Ѓ} 2.59 μmol / L in patients with partial control and 8.47 Ѓ} 2.77 μmol / L in patients with poor control (р < 0.00001 for both). The EBC NOM concentration from the steroid-naive patients was significantly higher than that from the patients treated with CS. A correlation was found between ACQ-5 score and the total EBC NOM concentration in the whole cohort of patients (r = 0.30, p < 0.00001), in steroid-naive patients (r = 0.42, p < 0.00001), and in patients treated with CS (r = 0.43; p < 0.00001). Discriminant analysis was performed in patients with well controlled asthma and in a combined group of patients with partial and poor asthma control to estimate a prognostic value of EBC NOM and FEV1 as markers of asthma control level. The EBC NOM total concentration predicted asthma control in 63 % of the whole cohort, 75 % of the steroid-naive patients and in 70 % of the patients treated with CS. FEV1 predicted asthma control in 77.3 %, 75% and 74.75% of patients, respectively. Combination of EBC NOM total concentration and FEV1 predicted asthma control in 78.92 %, 79.44 % and 82.83 % of patients, respectively. Therefore, combination of EBC NOM total concentration and FEV1 is predictive for asthma control in 80 % of children with atopic asthma