An ultrathin polarization insensitive frequency selective surface for wide stop band RF applications

In this paper, a compact, polarization insensitive, wide stop band frequency selective surface (FSS) has been proposed to serve C, X and Ku band applications. The unit cell of the proposed FSS consists of the combination of square loop and Jerusalem cross dipole elements to achieve wide stop band with a -10 dB bandwidth of 15.96 GHz from 5.45 GHz to 21.41 GHz. The periodicity and overall thickness of the structure are 0.32 λ0 and 0.04 λ0, respectively. The proposed design is polarization insensitive and provides a wide stop band response for large angles of incident wave with TE or TM polarization. Equivalent circuit analysis has also been performed to verify the simulated results. A prototype of proposed structure has been fabricated and experimentally tested. The measured results have been observed in agreement with the simulated results

Higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet Is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and selected markers of inflammation in individuals who are overweight and obese without diabetes

Insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low-grade inflammation are risk factors for chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate two dietary indices: Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), and their associations with direct measures of glucose metabolism and adiposity, and biochemical measures including lipids, cytokines and adipokines in overweight/obese adults. This cross-sectional study included 65 participants (males = 63%; age 31.3 ± 8.5 years). Dietary intake via 3-day food diaries was used to measure adherence to MDS (0–45 points); higher scores indicating adherence. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were calculated with higher scores indicating a pro-inflammatory diet. IR was assessed using hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, insulin secretion by intravenous glucose tolerance test, adiposity by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and circulating cytokine and adipokine concentrations by multiplex assays. Higher MDS was associated with greater insulin sensitivity (β = 0.179; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.318) after adjusting for age, sex and % body fat, and lower NF-κB, higher adiponectin and adipsin in unadjusted and adjusted models. Higher E-DII score was associated with increased total cholesterol (β = 0.364; 95%CI: 0.066, 0.390) and LDL-cholesterol (β = 0.305; 95%CI: 0.019, 0.287) but not with adiposity, glucose metabolism, cytokines or adipokines. Greater MDS appears to be associated with decreased IR and inflammatory markers in overweight/obese adults

Ethnic differences in response to lifestyle intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults : A systematic review and meta-analysis

The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) varies by ethnicity, but ethnic differences in response to diabetes prevention interventions remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed ethnic differences in the effects of lifestyle interventions on T2DM incidence, glycemic outcomes (fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, HbA1c), anthropometric measures (weight, BMI, waist circumference), and lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, energy intake, energy from fat, fiber intake). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other databases were searched (to June 15, 2020) for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials on lifestyle interventions (diet and/or physical activity) in adults at risk of T2DM. Ethnicity was categorized into European, South Asian, East and Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African groups. Forty-four studies were included in meta-analyses. Overall, lifestyle interventions resulted in significant improvement in T2DM incidence, glycemic outcomes, anthropometric measures, physical activity, and energy intake (all P 0.05). Few studies in non-European groups reported dietary intake. Lifestyle interventions in different ethnic groups may have similar effects in reducing incidence of T2DM although this needs to be confirmed in further studies.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

At the Crossroad of Gene Regulation and Genome Organization: Potential Roles for ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodelers in the Regulation of CTCF-Mediated 3D Architecture

In higher order organisms, the genome is assembled into a protein-dense structure called chromatin. Chromatin is spatially organized in the nucleus through hierarchical folding, which is tightly regulated both in cycling cells and quiescent cells. Assembly and folding are not one-time events in a cell’s lifetime; rather, they are subject to dynamic shifts to allow changes in transcription, DNA replication, or DNA damage repair. Chromatin is regulated at many levels, and recent tools have permitted the elucidation of specific factors involved in the maintenance and regulation of the three-dimensional (3D) genome organization. In this review/perspective, we aim to cover the potential, but relatively unelucidated, crosstalk between 3D genome architecture and the ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers with a specific focus on how the architectural proteins CTCF and cohesin are regulated by chromatin remodeling

Is there an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive function? A systematic review

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is represented as the most common liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is associated with metabolic risk factors underpinned by insulin resistance, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, leading to extrahepatic changes in central nervous diseases such as cognitive impairment, Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease and dementia. The aim of the review is to explore the association between NAFLD and cognitive function. Methods Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic electronic literature search was conducted in four databases: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase and CINAHL from inception until March 2021. Neuropsychological tests utilised within each study were grouped into relevant cognitive domains including &lsquo;general cognition&rsquo;, &lsquo;reasoning&rsquo;, &lsquo;mental speed, attention and psychomotor speed&rsquo;, &lsquo;memory and learning&rsquo;, &lsquo;language&rsquo;, &lsquo;visuospatial perception&rsquo; and &lsquo;ideas, abstraction, figural creations and mental flexibility&rsquo;. Results Eleven observational studies that involved 7978 participants with a mean age of 51&thinsp;years were included. Those with NAFLD had poor cognitive performance in three cognitive domains, including &lsquo;general cognition&rsquo;, &lsquo;mental speed, attention and psychomotor speed&rsquo;, and &lsquo;ideas, abstraction, figural creations and mental flexibility&rsquo;. Conclusion The observed results from the 11 included studies showed that NAFLD was associated with lower cognitive performance across several domains. However, studies conducted to date are limited to observational designs and are heterogeneous with varying diagnostic tools used to assess cognitive function. Trial registration PROSPERO Registration: CRD42020161640. </jats:sec

Inflaming public interest: a&nbsp;qualitative study of adult learners’ perceptions on nutrition and inflammation

Research suggests national dietary guidelines are losing public resonance, with consumers actively seeking alternate nutrition advice from unregulated online platforms that often propagate misinformation. Improved diet quality can beneficially affect inflammation, and with science relating to nutrition and inflammation also appealing to consumers, this emerging topic provides an opportunity to consider how novel engagement strategies can be used to increase public support of expert-generated advice. This study aimed to qualitatively explore MOOC learners’ perceptions and experiences of following diets believed to help manage inflammation. Data were collected from an evidence-based nutrition-focused Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), which included a unit titled Foods and Inflammation. The Framework method was used to analyze 12,622 learner comments, taken from the MOOC’s online discussion forum and questionnaire. Learners identified avoidance of core food groups, such as dairy and grains, as key in managing inflammation. Dietary advice came mainly from the internet, and health professionals reportedly lacked an appreciation of the learners’ underlying nutrition knowledge, providing oversimplified advice that did not satisfy their scientific curiosity. To help build consumer trust and increase engagement, health professionals need to consider innovative education strategies that utilize novel topics such as nutrition and inflammation, in a safe and accurate manner

Rational design and development of selective BRD7 bromodomain inhibitors and their activity in prostate cancer

Bromodomain-containing proteins are readers of acetylated lysine and play important roles in cancer. Bromo-domain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) has been implicated in multiple malignancies; however, there are no selective chemical probes to study its function in disease. Using crystal structures of BRD7 and BRD9 bromodomains (BDs) bound to BRD9-selective ligands, we identified a binding pocket exclusive to BRD7. We synthesized a se-ries of ligands designed to occupy this binding region and identified two BRD7-selective inhibitors, 1-78 and 2-77, that bind with nanomolar affinity to the BRD7 BD. Our binding mode analyses indicate that these ligands oc-cupy a uniquely accessible binding cleft in BRD7 and maintain key interactions with the asparagine and tyrosine residues critical for acetylated lysine binding. Finally, we validated the utility and selectivity of the compounds in cell-based models of prostate cancer

The Evidence Surrounding Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Individuals with Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review

Emerging evidence indicates an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cancer development and mortality. Cancer treatment-induced metabolic and hepatic dysfunction may be associated with increased rates of NAFLD. The review aims to investigate current evidence surrounding NAFLD in adults (≥18 years) with cancer including prevalence, effect of cancer treatments, metabolic co-morbidities, and mortality. Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched from inception to December 2021 including randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Twenty-three articles were included, comprising 142,218 participants. The overall risk of bias for observational studies was determined as low for 10 studies and neutral for 12 studies, and the RCT was determined as some concerns. The prevalence of NAFLD, based on imaging or histology, in adults with cancer ranged from 0.5 to 81.3%, with higher prevalence in breast, colorectal and gynecological cancers. Higher rates of NAFLD were also seen in patients who (i) underwent treatments—including chemotherapy and hormone therapy and/or who (ii) had higher BMI or other metabolic co-morbidities. NAFLD was associated with an increase in all-cause and cancer-related mortality. Based on review results, it is recommended that further assessment is carried out to determine whether liver screening in high-risk patients is cost effective and if interventions can be implemented to improve hepatic and health outcomes in adults with cancer

The association between diet and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review

Globally, liver cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer mortality, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common type of primary liver cancer. Emerging evidence states that diet is recognised as a potential lifestyle-related risk factor for the development of HCC. The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether there is an association between diet and the development of HCC. Using the PRISMA guidelines, three databases (MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL and Embase) were systematically searched, and studies published until July 2020 were included. Thirty observational studies were selected. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019135240). Higher adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, the Urban Prudent Dietary Pattern, the Traditional Cantonese Dietary Pattern, intake of vegetables, wholegrains, fish, poultry, coffee, macronutrients such as monounsaturated fats and micronutrients such as vitamin E, vitamin B9, &beta;-carotene, manganese and potassium were associated with a reduced risk of HCC. The results suggest a potential role of diet in the development of HCC. Further quantitative research needs to be undertaken within a range of populations to investigate diet and the relationship with HCC risk