New Architecture for EIA-709.1 Protocol Implementation

This paper proposes a new architecture for EIA-709.1protocol implementation. The protocol is conventionallyimplemented with the proprietary processor and language,Neuron chip and Neuron C, respectively, where the Neuron chipconsists of 3 processors inside. The proposed architecture usesonly one general purpose processor and general ANSI C toimplement the layers of EIA-709.1 except the physical layer. Thedata link, network, and other layers are implemented onto oneRISC processor, ARM. Specifically, the data link layer of theEIA-709.1 based on predictive p-persistent CSMA/CA isimplemented. The interface between the transceiver based onpower line communication and the data link layer based on theARM is described. As a conclusion, this research shows theimprovement of performance and the compatibility with theexisting Neuron chip

Genomic Analysis of miR-21-3p and Expression Pattern with Target Gene in Olive Flounder

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as regulators of gene expression by binding to the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of target genes. They perform important biological functions in the various species. Among many miRNAs, miR-21-3p is known to serve vital functions in development and apoptosis in olive flounder. Using genomic and bioinformatic tools, evolutionary conservation of miR-21-3p was examined in various species, and expression pattern was analyzed in olive flounder. Conserved sequences (5’-CAGUCG-3’) in numerous species were detected through the stem-loop structure of miR-21-3p. Thus, we analyzed target genes of miR-21-3p. Among them, 3’ UTR region of PPIL2 gene indicated the highest binding affinity with miR-21-3p based on the minimum free energy value. The PPIL2 gene showed high expression levels in testis tissue of the olive flounder, whereas miR-21-3p showed rather ubiquitous expression patterns except in testis tissue, indicating that miR-21-3p seems to control the PPIL2 gene expression in a complementary repression manner in various tissues of olive flounder. Taken together, this current study contributes to infer the target gene candidates for the miR-21-3p using bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, our data offers important information on the relationship between miR-21-3p and target gene for further functional study

A Case of Pseudo-Duane's Retraction Syndrome With Old Medial Orbital Wall Fracture

We report a case of pseudo-Duane's retraction syndrome with entrapment of the medial rectus muscle in an old medial orbital wall fracture presenting identical clinical symptoms as Duane's retraction syndrome. A 15-year-old boy presented with persistent limited right eye movement since a young age. Examination showed marked limited abduction, mildly limited adduction, and globe retraction accompanied by narrowing of the palpebral fissure during attempted adduction in the right eye. He showed a right esotropia of 16 prism diopters and his head turned slightly to the right. A slight enophthalmos was noted in his right eye. A computed tomography scan demonstrated entrapment of the medial rectus muscle and surrounding tissues in an old medial orbital wall fracture. A forced duction test revealed a marked restriction of abduction in the right eye. A 5 mm recession of the right medial rectus muscle was performed. Postoperatively, the patient's head turn and esotropia in the primary position were successfully corrected, but there was still some limitations to his ocular movement. The importance of several tests such as the forced duction test and an imaging study should be emphasized in making a diagnosis for limitation of eye movement

A Novel Pinkish-White Flower Color Variant Is Caused by a New Allele of Flower Color Gene W1 in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja)

The enzyme flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) plays an important role in producing anthocyanin pigments in soybean. Loss of function of the W1 locus encoding F3'5'H always produces white flowers. However, few color variations have been reported in wild soybean. In the present study, we isolated a new color variant of wild soybean accession (IT261811) with pinkish-white flowers. We found that the flower's pinkish-white color is caused by w1-s3, a single recessive allele of W1. The SNP detected in the mutant caused amino acid substitution (A(304)S) in a highly conserved SRS4 domain of F3'5'H proteins. On the basis of the results of the protein variation effect analyzer (PROVEAN) tool, we suggest that this mutation may lead to hypofunctional F3'5'H activity rather than non-functional activity, which thereby results in its pinkish-white color

Genetic and Molecular Characterization of a New EMS-Induced Mutant without the Third Glucose Moiety at the C-3 Sugar Chain of Saponin in Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Saponin, a secondary metabolite, is produced by various plant species, including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Soybeans synthesize triterpenoid saponins, which are classified by their aglycone structure and sugar chain composition. Here, we characterized an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant, PE1539, without saponin and with a glucose moiety at the third position of the C-3 sugar chain. The saponin phenotype of PE1539 is described by the accumulation of Ab-gamma g saponin and deficiency of Ab-alpha g saponin and DDMP-alpha g saponin, similar to a previously reported sg-3 mutant in soybean. Genetic analysis showed that the saponin phenotype of PE1539 is controlled by a recessive mutation. We mapped the gene responsible for the phenotype of PE1539 and the mapped region included Sg-3 (Glyma.10G104700). Further analysis of Sg-3 in PE1539 using DNA sequencing revealed a single-nucleotide substitution in the exon (G804A), resulting in a premature stop codon; thus, PE1539 produced a PSPG box-truncated protein. Saponin phenotype analysis of the F-2 population-from a cross between wild-type Uram and PE1539-showed that the phenotype of saponin was cosegregated with the genotype of Sg 3. Quantitative real-time PCR showed reduced expression of Sg-3 in PE1539 cells. Together, our data indicate that the saponin phenotype of PE1539 results from a mutation in Sg-3

Effect of Long-Term Dietary Arginyl-Fructose (AF) on Hyperglycemia and HbA1c in Diabetic db/db Mice

We have previously reported that Amadori compounds exert anti-diabetic effects by lowering sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present study we extended our recent findings to evaluate whether α-glucosidase inhibitor arginyl-fructose (AF) lowers blood glucose level in diabetic db/db mice, a genetic model for type 2 diabetes. The db/db mice were randomly assigned to high-carbohydrate diets (66.1% corn starch) with and without AF (4% in the diet) for 6 weeks. Changes in body weight, blood glucose level, and food intake were measured daily for 42 days. Dietary supplementation of AF resulted in a significant decrease of blood glucose level (p \u3c 0.001) and body weight (p \u3c 0.001). The level of HbA1c, a better indicator of plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time, was also significantly decreased for 6-week period (p \u3c 0.001). Dietary treatment of acarbose® (0.04% in diet), a positive control, also significantly alleviated the level of blood glucose, HbA1c, and body weight. These results indicate that AF Maillard reaction product improves postprandial hyperglycemia by suppressing glucose absorption as well as decreasing HbA1c level

Effect of Long-Term Dietary Arginyl-Fructose (AF) on Hyperglycemia and HbA1c in Diabetic \u3cem\u3edb/db\u3c/em\u3e Mice

We have previously reported that Amadori compounds exert anti-diabetic effects by lowering sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present study we extended our recent findings to evaluate whether α-glucosidase inhibitor arginyl-fructose (AF) lowers blood glucose level in diabetic db/db mice, a genetic model for type 2 diabetes. The db/db mice were randomly assigned to high-carbohydrate diets (66.1% corn starch) with and without AF (4% in the diet) for 6 weeks. Changes in body weight, blood glucose level, and food intake were measured daily for 42 days. Dietary supplementation of AF resulted in a significant decrease of blood glucose level (p \u3c 0.001) and body weight (p \u3c 0.001). The level of HbA1c, a better indicator of plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time, was also significantly decreased for 6-week period (p \u3c 0.001). Dietary treatment of acarbose® (0.04% in diet), a positive control, also significantly alleviated the level of blood glucose, HbA1c, and body weight. These results indicate that AF Maillard reaction product improves postprandial hyperglycemia by suppressing glucose absorption as well as decreasing HbA1c level