The cytochemical localization of adenyl cyclase activity in rat sublingual gland

Adenyl cyclase activity in mucous acinar cells and serous demilune cells of the rat sublingual gland was localized cytochemically. After incubation with adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as substrate, deposits of reaction product are found along the cell membranes bordering the secretory surfaces of serous demilune cells. These are the membranes which participate directly in secretion by fusing with the granule membranes. The granule membranes of the demilune cells do not reveal reaction product, but the membranes of the granules which are fused with and become part of the cell membrane do show deposits. Thus, it appears that the cell membranes which fuse with granule membranes during secretion are associated with a high level of adenyl cyclase activity. In support of this, the luminal membranes of the mucous acinar cells which do not fuse with granule membranes during secretion are not associated with detectable amounts of adenyl cyclase activity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49675/1/1001440407_ftp.pd

Studies on Hypoxia: XI. Long-Term Effects on the Epiphyseal Plate—A Histomeric and Radioautographic Study

Rats were exposed to hypoxia for one week. The mean thickness of epiphyseal plates from control rats was 430 micrometers (μm) which was reduced to 313 μm in hypoxic rats. Radioautographic incorporation of 3H-phenylalanine by connective tissue cells in hypoxic rats was reduced up to 38% in control rats.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66916/2/10.1177_00220345760550031301.pd

Pion and Kaon Electromagnetic Form Factors in a SUL(3)⊗SUR(3)SU_{L}(3)\otimes SU_{R}(3) Effective Lagrangian

A SU(2) effective lagrangian is extended to a $SU_{L}(3)\otimes SU_{R}(3)$ by including the vector and axial vector meson. With this effective lagrangian, electromagnetic form factors of charged pion and kaon are calculated. The pseudoscalar meson loops are taken into account. Good agreement with experimental data is obtained for those form factors. Decay widths of $\rho\to \pi\pi$ and $\phi\to K^{+}K^{-}$ are also calculated and shown to agree with experimental data very well.Comment: 19pages, 7figure

A Hybrid Catalyst-Bonded Membrane Device for Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction at Different Relative Humidities

A hybrid catalyst-bonded membrane device using gaseous reactants for a carbon monoxide reduction (COR) reaction in the cathode chamber, an aqueous electrolyte for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the anode chamber, and an anion exchange membrane (AEM) for product separation was modeled, constructed, and tested. The Cu electrocatalyst was electrodeposited onto gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and was directly bonded to AEM by mechanical pressing in the hybrid device. The impacts of relative humidity at the cathode inlet on the selectivity and activity of COR were investigated by computational modeling and experimental methods. At a relative humidity of 30%, the Cu-based catalyst in the hybrid device exhibited a total operating current density of 87 mA cm⁻² with a −2.0 V vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a Faradaic efficiency (FE) for C₂H₄ generation of 32.6%, and an FE for a liquid-based carbon product of 42.6%. Significant improvements in the partial current densities for COR were observed in relation to planar electrodes or flooded gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs). In addition, a custom test bed was constructed to characterize the oxidation states of the Cu catalysts in real time along with product analysis though the backside of the GDLs via operando X-ray absorption (XAS) measurements

The effect of actinomycin D on the fibroblast of the pulp of the rat incisor : A study by quantitative radioautography and electron microscopy

The effect of actinomycin D on the fibroblast of the dental pulp of continuously growing rat incisors is studied by means of radioautography and electron microscopy. Results of grain counts of radioautographs at various times following an injection of H3-leucine indicate that there is a progressive decrease in incorporation of the isotope by fibroblasts which reaches a maximum decrease on day 7 and subsequently regenerate to a near normal value by the end of the experiment on day 21.Electron microscopic observations of the fine structure of the fibroblast parallel the radioautographic findings in that the maximum degeneration of intracellular structures is observed on day 7 with gradual recovery from that point on. The most seriously affected structures are the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the appearance of polyribosomes, the structures that are thought to be directly involved in the elaboration and secretion of proteins. In addition, increased irregularity in size and shape of mitochondria is observed. A large number of lipid droplets as well as cytolysomes appear during the period between 7 and 10 days. The observations on the nucleolus confirm descriptions by previous workers.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33347/1/0000744.pd

Electronic Structural Origin of the Catalytic Activity Trend of Transition Metals for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction

As an alternative to the conventional Haber–Bosch process for NH₃ synthesis that operates under harsh conditions, an electrochemical process has recently been pursued. Here, using a joint experiment–density functional calculation approach, we determine the activity trend of four transition metals (TMs) (Fe, Ru, Rh, and Pd) for N₂ reduction to NH₃: Fe > Ru > Pd > Rh, where the protonation step of *N₂ to form *N₂H (* indicates surface sites) is a potential determining step (PDS). The activity trend of the electrocatalysts is determined by the ability of the adsorbate (*N₂) over the catalyst surfaces to easily obtain electrons at the PDS with an assumption of a scaling relationship between the activation energy barrier and the free energy difference. In electronic structures, the ability can be estimated by the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the adsorbed N₂ on the TM surfaces and the fermi energy (E_F). For early TMs (e.g., Sc and Ti) where the PDS is *NH protonation reaction to form *NH₂, the activity of the TMs can be similarly explained with an electronic structural feature that is the energy difference between the LUMO of the *NH and the E_F. Based on the origin, we additionally consider 10 TMs (Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, Ag, W, Pt, and Au) and then determine the activity trend of the total 16 diverse TMs for NH₃ synthesis. We expect that this work could pave the way to novel alloy catalysts with a high activity for electrochemical NH₃ synthesis

Neck pain following laminoplasty

Cervical laminoplasty, a surgical technique pioneered in Japan, is used increasingly in the United States. Axial neck pain following laminoplasty has been previously reported.1–9 This concern over postoperative neck pain may deter som