Effects of Three Dimensions of Shared Leadership on Team Members’ Perceptions on Trust and Team Performance

We conducted a survey with teams to identify the underlying dimensions of shared leadership and examine the effects of shared leadership on the level of trust and team performance

The cytochemical localization of adenyl cyclase activity in rat sublingual gland

Adenyl cyclase activity in mucous acinar cells and serous demilune cells of the rat sublingual gland was localized cytochemically. After incubation with adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as substrate, deposits of reaction product are found along the cell membranes bordering the secretory surfaces of serous demilune cells. These are the membranes which participate directly in secretion by fusing with the granule membranes. The granule membranes of the demilune cells do not reveal reaction product, but the membranes of the granules which are fused with and become part of the cell membrane do show deposits. Thus, it appears that the cell membranes which fuse with granule membranes during secretion are associated with a high level of adenyl cyclase activity. In support of this, the luminal membranes of the mucous acinar cells which do not fuse with granule membranes during secretion are not associated with detectable amounts of adenyl cyclase activity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49675/1/1001440407_ftp.pd

A simple rat model of mild traumatic brain injury: device to reproduce anatomical and neurological changes of mild traumatic brain injury

View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/2818), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Mild traumatic brain injury typically involves temporary impairment of neurological function. Previous studies used the water pressure or rotational injury for designing the device to make a rat mild traumatic brain injury model. The objective of this study was to make a simple model of mild traumatic brain injury in rat. The device consisted of a freefall impactor that was targeted onto the rat skull. The weight (175g) was freely dropped 30cm to rat's skull bregma. We installed a safety device made of acrylic panel. (Collins et al. 1999). Actually, hospital-treated MTBIs are no more than 26 100 to 300/100,000 (Harmon et al. 2013). Neurological, cognitive and behavioral deficits, caused 27 by MTBIs, are observed only for a short period of time. A headache, vomiting, cognitive slowing, 28 fatigue, dizziness, depression, and problems with attention and memory can be one of its 29 symptoms (d'Hemecourt. 2011; 39 However, such a damaging mechanism, which delivered shock to their head and fell down them, 40 could not induce MTBIs alone. In another study, shocks were delivered to the craniums of rats 41 equipped with helmet disks, but it was also complicated to put the helmet disk (Xu et al. 2014). 42 In the case of a method suggested by Tang et al., it was comparatively simple and did not cause 43 skull fracture