Ublažavajući učinak biljke Andrographis paniculata na promjene u brojlera uzrokovane bakterijom E. coli

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Andrographis paniculata during E. coli-induced pathology in broilers. Day-old broiler chicks (n = 100) were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group I served as a negative control and was fed with a commercial diet. On day 8, the birds from groups II and IV were challenged with a single oral dose of E. coli broth culture 0.2 mL (1×109 cfu/mL). Groups III and IV were fed with Andrographis paniculata 5 g/kg of feed from day old to the end of the experiment. The total duration of the experiment was 35 days. On the 7th, 21st and 28th day post infection (DPI) with E. coli, six birds from each group were randomly sacrificed and observed for gross and histopathogical observations. Group II birds showed ascites and thickened intestinal mucosa with cheesy material on the 28th and 35th DPI. Pathomorphological alterations, viz. congestion, hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, fibrinous exudates, edema, mononuclear cell and heterophil infiltration in the lung, liver, heart, kidneys and duodenum were observed in group II birds, along with depletion of the lymphoid cell population in the spleen. Pretreatment of Andrographis paniculata in the E. coli challenged group led to mild degenerative changes in all organs, indicating the putative protective effect of the plant during E. coli induced pathology in broilers. However, further, more elaborated study is required to calculate the dosage of Andrographis paniculata for use as an antibacterial agent in broiler feed.Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se procijenio ublažavajući učinak biljke Kineski andrografis (Andrographis paniculata) na patološke procese u brojlera uzrokovane bakterijom E. coli. Jednodnevni pilići (n = 100) slučajnim su odabirom podijeljeni u četiri jednake skupine. Prva je skupina poslužila kao negativna kontrola i hranjena je komercijalnom hranom. Osmi dan pilićima iz druge i četvrte skupine peroralno je dana jednokratna doza E. coli bujona u količini od 0,2 mL (1×109 cfu/mL). Treća i četvrta skupina hranjene su biljkom Andrographis paniculata u količini od 5 g/kg hrane od početka do kraja pokusa. Istraživanje je trajalo 35 dana. Sedmi, 21. i 28. dan nakon zaražavanja bakterijom E. coli po šest pilića iz svake skupine nasumce je usmrćeno te su promatrane makroskopske i patohistološke promjene. U drugoj je skupini uočen ascites i zadebljanje crijevne sluznice sa sirastim naslagama 28. i 35. dan poslije zaražavanja. U toj su skupini promatrane patomorfološke promjene poput kongestije, krvarenja, degeneracije, nekroze, fibrinskog eksudata, edema, infiltracije pluća, jetre, srca, bubrega i dvanaesnika mononuklearnim i heterofilnim stanicama, uz depleciju limfoidnih stanica u slezeni. Dodavanje biljke Andrographis paniculata skupini zaraženoj bakterijom E. coli utjecalo je na pojavu blažih degenerativnih promjena u svim organima, što upućuje na zaštitni učinak biljke tijekom izlaganja brojlera bakteriji E. coli. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se izračunala doza biljke Andrographis paniculata kao antibakterijskog dodatka/lijeka u prehrani brojlera

Behavioral responses of Cyprinus carpio to industrial effluents

Abstract: Fish were collected from Nath Sagar, Paithan 50 kms away from Aurangabad and were brought to the laboratory and exposed to industrial effluent (tannery effluent). Behavioral changes and responses of the fish to the tannery effluent were observed. Control fish showed normal behaviour and swimming in contrast the effluent exposed fish showed abnormal swimming, loss of equilibrium, fading of colour, coughing and opercular movements

EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND pH ON ACUTE TOXICITY OF DIMETHOATE TO PUNTIUS TICTO

Acute toxicity tests were carried out to estimate the LCso values of dimethoate to the freshwater teleost, Puntius ticto. The LCso values were obtained for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr exposures are 6,839, 5,555, 5.070 and 5.012 ppm at normal laboratory conditions. Observations have been made whether the LCso values were affected by the environmental factors i.e pH and salinity. These environmental factors play an important role in the toxicity of pesticides in fish. The mortality rate during acute toxicity test to different salinity and pH were recorded. The pH result shows that toxicity of dimethoate increases with decrease in pH where as toxicity of dimethoate increases with salinity

Prevalence of seroreactivity among blood donors in rural population

The seroreactivity pattern amongst blood donors in rural population was studied at S.R.T. Rural Medical College and Hospital, Ambajogai (M. S.). The study period was from January 1996 to December 2001. A total number of 12,240 blood donors were screened. The voluntary donation was 36.98% and replacement donors were 63.02%. No professional donor is bled in our blood bank. The HIV seroreactivity among voluntary donors was 1.56% and 2.11% in replacement donors. The HBsAg seroreactivity was 2.78% in voluntary donors and 4.84% in replacement donors. VDRL seroreactivity is 1.12% in replacement donors. No malarial parasite and HCV seroreactive donor was found in our study period. We have found the magnitude of hepatitis to be far more than that of HIV. Hence testing for HCV routinely is mandatory, besides HBsAg

L-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid Sulfate: A New Ionic Liquid for the Synthesis of Bioactive Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans

Published ArticleMulticomponent reactions (MCRs), a significant subclass of reac tions, are one-pot processes in which three or four easily-approachable components react to form a single product. The methodology is a powerful synthetic tool for the preparation of important drugs and other biologically active compounds. 1 MCRs have been useful in the development of environ- mentally-friendly and less expensive procedure s for the generation of libraries of heterocy- clic compounds 2 and the development of MCRs can le ad to new, efficient, synthetic methodologies. Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans an d their derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds with antic oagulant, antitumor, spasmoly tic, antibacterial, diuretic, potassium channel activating and insulin-sensitizing activities. 3–6 4H-Benzo[b]pyrans are usually synthesized from a -cyano cinnamonitrile derivatives with dimedone catalyzed by acid or base. 7 Recently MCRs have been used for their preparation. As compared to the conventional linear step synthesis, they can make the process easier, reduce time, save money, energy, and raw materials, resulting in both economic and environmental bene- fits. 8–9 A number of methods have been reported using dimedone, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile in the presence of catalysts, such as CeCl 3 ¢ 7H 2 O, 10 N-methylimidazole, 11 tet- ramethyl ammonium hydroxide, 12 MgO, 13 amines, 14 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 15 and TiO 2 . 16 Other methods have involved microwave heating, 17 ultrasonic irradiation, 18 electrosynthe- sis, 19 hexadecyldimethylbenzylammonium bromide (HDMBAB), 20 Na 2 SeO 4 , 21 DABCO, 2