Three-dimensional bulk band dispersion in polar BiTeI with giant Rashba-type spin splitting

In layered polar semiconductor BiTeI, giant Rashba-type spin-split band dispersions show up due to the crystal structure asymmetry and the strong spin-orbit interaction. Here we investigate the 3-dimensional (3D) bulk band structures of BiTeI using the bulk-sensitive $h\nu$-dependent soft x-ray angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SX-ARPES). The obtained band structure is shown to be well reproducible by the first-principles calculations, with huge spin splittings of ${\sim}300$ meV at the conduction-band-minimum and valence-band-maximum located in the $k_z=\pi/c$ plane. It provides the first direct experimental evidence of the 3D Rashba-type spin splitting in a bulk compound.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Field-induced segregation of ferromagnetic nano-domains in Pr0.5_{0.5}Sr0.5_{0.5}MnO3_3, detected by 55^{55}Mn NMR

The antiferromagnetic manganite Pr$_{0.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$ was investigated at low temperature by means of magnetometry and $^{55}$Mn NMR. A field-induced transition to a ferromagnetic state is detected by magnetization measurements at a threshold field of a few tesla. NMR shows that the ferromagnetic phase develops from zero field by the nucleation of microscopic ferromagnetic domains, consisting of an inhomogeneous mixture of tilted and fully aligned parts. At the threshold the NMR spectrum changes discontinuously into that of a homogeneous, fully aligned, ferromagnetic state, suggesting a percolative origin for the ferromagnetic transition.Comment: Latex 2.09 language. 4 pages, 3 figures, 23 references. Submitted to physical Review

Towards a Proof Theory of G\"odel Modal Logics

Analytic proof calculi are introduced for box and diamond fragments of basic modal fuzzy logics that combine the Kripke semantics of modal logic K with the many-valued semantics of G\"odel logic. The calculi are used to establish completeness and complexity results for these fragments

Studies on conjugation of Spirogyra using monoclonal culture

We succeeded in inducing conjugation of Spirogyracastanacea by incubating algal filaments on agar plate. Conjugation could be induced using clone culture. The scalariform conjugation was generally observed, while lateral conjugation was rarely. When two filaments formed scalariform conjugation, all cells of one filament behaved as male and those of other filament did as female. Very rarely, however, zygospores were formed in both of pair filaments. The surface of conjugation tube was stained with fluorescently labeled-lectins, such as Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia lectin (BSL-I) and jacalin. BSL-I strongly stained the conjugation tubes, while weakly did the cell surface of female gamete first and then that of male gamete. Jacalin stained mainly the conjugation tubes. Addition of jacalin inhibited the formation of papilla, suggesting some important role of jacalin-binding material at the initial step of formation of the conjugation tubes