Application of Ozone-Assisted Membrane Cleaning for Natural Organic Matter Fouled Membranes

The popularity of membrane technology in water treatment has been rising for over last 50 years due to wide range of filtration processes and applications, cost effective production and installation as well as safe and efficient water production. However, the development and improvement of membranes is ongoing due to number of weaknesses. Membrane fouling is a major drawback of membrane application in water and waste water treatment. Mostly caused by natural organic matter (NOM), fouling forms a layer on top of the membrane and blocks pores reducing the water permeation and can be potentially destructive to the membrane structure. The issue of membrane fouling can be addressed during membrane manufacturing, maintenance and operation. In the current study, the graphene-based nanomaterials (GBN) were incorporated in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to manufacture membranes via the phase-inversion technique. The resulting membranes show significant improvement to the properties of the pure PVDF membranes and their antifouling ability. The addition of GBN enhanced the water permeation by over 79% as a result of increased membrane hydrophilicity. Although this enhancement is beneficial, membrane fouling remained an issue despite the observed improvement. In this study, ozone, which is an effective oxidant, was evaluated as a novel technique for the cleaning of humic acid-fouled membranes. When ozone cleaning was applied to the humic acid-fouled membranes, reestablishment of close to original flux values was observed after just 30 min of cleaning. This statement is supported by SEM images that give an insight into the fouling of the membrane surface after the application of the cleaning methods. The data indicate that ozone is an effective technique for membrane cleaning against NOM-induced fouling

PRX2 and PRX25, peroxidases regulated by COG1, are involved in seed longevity in Arabidopsis

[EN] Permeability is a crucial trait that affects seed longevity and is regulated by different polymers including proanthocyanidins, suberin, cutin and lignin located in the seed coat. By testing mutants in suberin transport and biosynthesis, we demonstrate the importance of this biopolymer to cope with seed deterioration. Transcriptomic analysis of cog1-2D, a gain-of-function mutant with increased seed longevity, revealed the upregulation of several peroxidase genes. Reverse genetics analysing seed longevity uncovered redundancy within the seed coat peroxidase gene family; however, after controlled deterioration treatment, seeds from the prx2 prx25 double and prx2 prx25 prx71 triple mutant plants presented lower germination than wild-type plants. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the seed coat of these mutants showed a thinner palisade layer, but no changes were observed in proanthocyanidin accumulation or in the cuticle layer. Spectrophotometric quantification of acetyl bromide-soluble lignin components indicated changes in the amount of total polyphenolics derived from suberin and/or lignin in the mutant seeds. Finally, the increased seed coat permeability to tetrazolium salts observed in the prx2 prx25 and prx2 prx25 prx71 mutant lines suggested that the lower permeability of the seed coats caused by altered polyphenolics is likely to be the main reason explaining their reduced seed longevityRenard, J.; Martínez-Almonacid, I.; Sonntag, A.; Molina, I.; Moya-Cuevas, J.; Bissoli, G.; Muñoz-Bertomeu, J.... (2020). PRX2 and PRX25, peroxidases regulated by COG1, are involved in seed longevity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell & Environment. 43(2):315-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13656S315326432Almagro, L., Gómez Ros, L. V., Belchi-Navarro, S., Bru, R., Ros Barceló, A., & Pedreño, M. A. (2008). Class III peroxidases in plant defence reactions. 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Initiation of neighborhood networks

Städte und Regionen befinden sich in einem Zustand vielfältiger Veränderungen. Im Kampf um begrenzten Stadtraum hat dort ansässige Produktion zunehmend Schwierigkeiten sich zu behaupten. Um die wirtschaftliche Existenz von Produktionsunternehmen in einem stetig komplexer werdenden urbanen Umfeld langfristig zu sichern, bedarf es neuer Strategien zur langfristigen Standortsicherung. Ein Schlüssel dazu liegt in der Sensibilisierung der Schlüsselaktakteure für die Bedeutung der Phase der Initiierung, zudem in der Anwendung einer systematischen Herangehensweise zur Initiierung von Kooperationen im kleinsten Maßstab der Stadt – dem Quartier. Die daraus erwachsenden Netzwerke nutzen die Vorteile der urbanen Nähe und schaffen Planungssicherheit durch Identifikation, Akzeptanz und Mehrwerte für die Umgebung.Cities and regions are undergoing a variety of changes. In the battle for limited urban space, local production is finding it increasingly difficult to assert itself. In order to secure the long-term existence of production companies in an increasingly complex urban environment, new strategies are needed for securing production sites. One key to this lies in sensitizing key stakeholders to the importance of the initiation phase and in applying a systematic approach to initiating cooperations on the smallest scale of the city - the neighbourhood. The resulting networks take advantage of the urban proximity and create planning security through identification, acceptance and added value for the surrounding area