Establishment of High-Efficiency Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Callus Derived from \u3cem\u3eSehima nervosum\u3c/em\u3e, an Important Range Grass Species

Sehima nervosum is one of the important rangeland grass in India, It is commonly known as Saen grass in India, white grass in Australia, and has also been reported from the Central East Africa and Sudan. It is a good forage grass and maybe utilized for grazing as well as for hay preparation. It is a perennial grass, prefers hot and dry climate and survive even in limited rainfalls. As this natural grass is found inherently rich in precursors for several industrially important biomolecules, fractionation of these precursors seems to be a promising endeavour. Production of nutraceuticals (prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides) from the lignocellulosic biomass of this grass is promising, as this grass does not compete with food crops, and is comparatively less expensive than conventional agricultural food-stocks. However, germplasm of this grass has narrow genetic variability. Being largely apomictic in reproduction, generation of variability through hybridization approaches have been limited. Utilization of biotechnological tools is one of the potential ways for introducing variability and transfer of desirable traits. The development of an efficient genetic transformation procedure for Sehima could facilitate physiological and molecular biology studies as well as the production of transgenic cultivars for higher productivity and quality. To the best of our knowledge there are no reports on in vitro callus induction, regeneration and transformation in Sehima. Herein, for the first time, efficient in vitro callus induction from mature seed explant and transformation efficiency in Sehima is reported. Here we standardized a reproducible, rapid and efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation using Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harbouring binary vector pCAMBIA 1305

Antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, neem, Tulsi, and Aloe vera as a root canal irrigants against E. faecali

Root canal irrigation helps in eliminating the microorganisms present in the canal system. The present in vitro study was done to evaluate the efficacy root canal irrigants; sodium hypochlorite, neem, Tulsi, and Aloe vera against E. faecali.  In present study 5 groups of root canal irrigants (sodium hypochlorite, neem, Tulsi, Aloe vera, and distilled water as controlled group) were tested for efficacy against E. faecali. There was highest inhibition zone observed with sodium hypochlorite group followed by Neem (Azadirachta indica), neem, Tulsi, Aloe vera and least was observed in control group with distilled water. The tested root canal irrigants sodium hypochlorite group followed by Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi, and Aloe vera are effective against E. faecali

Outcome of implant diameter and length on the distribution of stress with immediate loaded implants: A 3D finite element analysis

Objectives: To assess the outcome of implant diameter and length on THE distribution of stress using a three-dimensional (3D) finite elements (FE) analysis, with immediate loading implants. Materials and Methods: This study made use of a 3D FE model of an implant encased in a chunk of bone. The LEADER/ITALIA-Fix type implant was created specifically for immediate loading. To create a solid model of the implant and bone and to carry out the FE analysis, the ANSYS V.12 programme was used. Results: The findings indicated that the neck of dental implants is the area of highest stress for all implant diameters and lengths, with an increase in implant length from 10 mm to 12 mm resulting in a slight raise in stress at the interface of implant-bone, and an increase in diameter from 3.75 mm to 4.25 mm having no appreciable impact on the value of stresses around dental implants. Conclusion: It was concluded that an increase in length has a negative effect on stress, while a diameter increase has no discernible impact on stress values

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Neem, Tulsi, and Aloe Vera as A Root Canal Irrigants Against E. Faecali

Root canal irrigation helps in eliminating the microorganisms present in the canal system. The present in vitro study was done to evaluate the efficacy root canal irrigants; sodium hypochlorite, neem, Tulsi, and Aloe vera against E. faecali.  In present study 5 groups of root canal irrigants (sodium hypochlorite, neem, Tulsi, Aloe vera, and distilled water as controlled group) were tested for efficacy against E. faecali. There was highest inhibition zone observed with sodium hypochlorite group followed by Neem (Azadirachta indica), neem, Tulsi, Aloe vera and least was observed in control group with distilled water. The tested root canal irrigants sodium hypochlorite group followed by Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi, and Aloe vera are effective against E. faecali