FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PERIODONTAL FILMS CONTAINING AZITHROMYCIN AND SERRATIOPEPTIDASE

Objective: The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate periodontal film, which could be capable of delivering therapeutic concentration of azithromycin and serratiopeptidase for a prolonged period of time and could be easily placed into the periodontal pocket. Methods: The films were prepared by solvent casting method using combinations of ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 cps, eudragit L-100, and Chitosan in different ratios using dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer. The periodontal films were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, percentage moisture absorption, percentage moisture loss, folding endurance, percentage swelling index, percentage elongation, and in vitro percentage cumulative drug-enzyme release profile. Results: Formulation F12 was found to be a good periodontal film. Hence, it was considered as an optimized formulation. In vitro drug-enzyme release rate studies using keshary-chien diffusion cell showed maximum drug release in F12 formulation (95.92% for azithromycin and 94.20% for serratiopeptidase at the end of 24 h) compared to other formulations. Conclusion: The optimized formulation F12 showed the best drug-enzyme release profile among the others for the preparation of periodontal film. There is a scope for the further study and development of the azithromycin and serratiopeptidase periodontal films

Characterization of 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase from Catharanthus roseus reveals cascaded enzymatic activity in iridoid biosynthesis

Catharanthus roseus [L.] is a major source of the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs), which are of significant interest due to their therapeutic value. These molecules are formed through an intermediate, cis-trans-nepetalactol, a cyclized product of 10-oxogeranial. One of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of MIAs is an NAD(P)+ dependent oxidoreductase system, 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (Cr10HGO), which catalyses the formation of 10-oxogeranial from 10-hydroxygeraniol via 10-oxogeraniol or 10-hydroxygeranial. This work describes the cloning and functional characterization of Cr10HGO from C. roseus and its role in the iridoid biosynthesis. Substrate specificity studies indicated that, Cr10HGO has good activity on substrates such as 10-hydroxygeraniol, 10-oxogeraniol or 10-hydroxygeranial over monohydroxy linear terpene derivatives. Further it was observed that incubation of 10-hydroxygeraniol with Cr10HGO and iridoid synthase (CrIDS) in the presence of NADP+ yielded a major metabolite, which was characterized as (1R, 4aS, 7S, 7aR)-nepetalactol by comparing its retention time, mass fragmentation pattern and co-injection studies with that of the synthesized compound. These results indicate that there is concerted activity of Cr10HGO with iridoid synthase in the formation of (1R, 4aS, 7S, 7aR)-nepetalactol, an important intermediate in iridoid biosynthesis

Screening of phytochemicals from selected plants with antifungal properties against RXLR effector protein Avr3a11in Phytophthora capsici

Phytophthora Capsici is a fungal plant pathogen which causes significant damage to broad range of commercial & medicinally valuable plants like black pepper, tomato, watermelon, etc. Chemical compounds like fungicides are commonly used against Phytophthora infections. Prolonged inhalation of fungicides by humans, leads to neural & visual disturbances & lung infections. They can also permanently silence or reprogram normal genes that last for several generations & are very harmful to the environment too. An alternative to chemical control of fungal pathogens is by introducing phytochemicals, which are potentially active against Phytophthora capsici. The study involves computational screening of phytochemicals with antifungal activity of plants against Avr3a11 in P. Capsici. Avr3a11 is an RXLR effector protein which functions as a virulence factor when recognised by plant immune receptors. The functional domain in Avr3a11 interacts with Resistance (R) proteins of the plant thereby triggering ETI (Effector Triggered Immunity) in plants. The phytochemicals from Turmeric, Garlic and Neem were used as ligand molecules. The 3D structure of Avr3a11 was retrieved from PDB (PDB id: 3ZR8) & the ligand structures collected from PubChem. Molecular docking was carried out in Discovery studio package to assess the binding energy of the phytochemicals with Avr3a11 in its functional domain. The phytochemical Alliin from garlic showed significant binding interactions with the target-Avr3a11 compared to the commonly used fungicides, indicating that Alliin can act as a potential inhibitor of Avr3a11. An in vitro assay of the plant extracts on phytohthora capsici also gives a validation of the docking study. This study provides insight into the potential use of phytochemicals to effectively combat the Phytophthora infections in plants

Characterization of 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase from Catharanthus roseus reveals cascaded enzymatic activity in iridoid biosynthesis

Catharanthus roseus [L.] is a major source of the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs), which are of significant interest due to their therapeutic value. These molecules are formed through an intermediate, cis-trans-nepetalactol, a cyclized product of 10-oxogeranial. One of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of MIAs is an NAD(P)+ dependent oxidoreductase system, 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (Cr10HGO), which catalyses the formation of 10-oxogeranial from 10-hydroxygeraniol via 10-oxogeraniol or 10-hydroxygeranial. This work describes the cloning and functional characterization of Cr10HGO from C. roseus and its role in the iridoid biosynthesis. Substrate specificity studies indicated that, Cr10HGO has good activity on substrates such as 10-hydroxygeraniol, 10-oxogeraniol or 10-hydroxygeranial over monohydroxy linear terpene derivatives. Further it was observed that incubation of 10-hydroxygeraniol with Cr10HGO and iridoid synthase (CrIDS) in the presence of NADP+ yielded a major metabolite, which was characterized as (1R, 4aS, 7S, 7aR)-nepetalactol by comparing its retention time, mass fragmentation pattern and co-injection studies with that of the synthesized compound. These results indicate that there is concerted activity of Cr10HGO with iridoid synthase in the formation of (1R, 4aS, 7S, 7aR)-nepetalactol, an important intermediate in iridoid biosynthesis

Book of Abstracts of the 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences (ICAMCS-2022)

It is a great privilege for us to present the abstract book of ICAMCS-2022 to the authors and the delegates of the event. We hope that you will find it useful, valuable, aspiring, and inspiring. This book is a record of abstracts of the keynote talks, invited talks, and papers presented by the participants, which indicates the progress and state of development in research at the time of writing the research article. It is an invaluable asset to all researchers. The book provides a permanent record of this asset. Conference Title: 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computational SciencesConference Acronym: ICAMCS-2022Conference Date: 12-14 October 2022Conference Organizers: DIT University, Dehradun, IndiaConference Mode: Online (Virtual