Multipla rezistencija izolata bakterije Escherichia coli podrijetlom iz peradi iz Abeokute u jugozapadnoj Nigeriji.

Thirty nine Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from septicaemic clinical cases between October 2005 and March 2006 from eleven poultry farms in Abeokuta, South West Nigeria were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial drug sensitivity pattern. The E. coli were isolated from two hundred and fifty samples comprising of intestine, kidneys, lungs, hearts, ovary, spleen and colo-rectum from diseased chickens (mostly commercial layers) submitted for post-mortem examination. Eight of the poultry farms studied disclosed that they had used between 3 to 7 different antimicrobial agents either for treatment, prophylaxis or as growth promoters within the studied period. The result indicated that the 39 E. coli isolates showed nineteen different multidrug-resistant patterns to Nitrofurantoin (100 μg), Cefuroxime (20 μg), Norfloxacin (10 μg), Cotrimoxazole (50 μg), Ciprofloxacin (5 μg), Nalidixic acid (30 μg), Chloramphenicol (10 μg), Ampicillin (10 μg, 25 μg), Ofloxacin (5 μg), Penicillin G (5 i.u), Amoxycillin (20 μg), and Cloxacillin (5 μg, 10 μg) discs that were tested.Ukupno je 39 izolata bakterije Escherichia coli bilo izdvojeno iz peradi sa septikemijom od listopada 2005. do ožujka 2006. s 11 farmi u Abeokuti u jugozapadnoj Nigeriji. Svi su izolati bili pretraženi na osjetljivost prema antimikrobnim tvarima. E. coli bila je izdvojena iz 250 uzoraka tkiva različitih organa: crijeva, bubrega, pluća, srca, jajnika, slezene i izlaznoga crijeva (rektuma) oboljelih pilića dostavljenih na postmortalnu pretragu. Na osam od 11 pretraženih farmi bilo je rabljeno od tri do sedam različitih antimikrobnih tvari za liječenje, profilaksu ili pak kao promotori rasta. Ustanovljeno je da je 39 izolata E. coli pokazivalo 19 različitih načina višestruke otpornosti prema nitrofurantoinu (100 μg), cefuroksimu (20 μg), norfloksacinu (10 μg) kotrimoksazolu (50 μg), ciprofloksacinu (5 μg), nalidiksičnoj kiselini (30 μg), kloramfenikolu (10 μg), ampicilinu (10 μg, 25 μg), ofloksacinu (5 μg), penicilinu G (5 i.j.), amoksicilinu (20 μg) i kloksacilinu (5 μg)

Haematological responses of three Nigerian goat breeds to field acquired helminthes infection and their haemoglobin types

Response of goats to natural helminth infection was investigated among 277 Nigerian indigenous goats belonging to three different breeds [West African dwarf (WAD), Red Sokoto (RS) and Sahel White (SW)] through the determination of parasitological and haematological parameters. The results showed that 65% of the sampled animals were positive for one helminth or two. Mixed infection due to Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis constituted 33.33% prevalence rate, while Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum columbianum mixed infection had 26.67% rate of infection among the sampled animals. However, single infection due to either of Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Strongyloides papilosus , Cooperia punctata , Trichuris ovis , Paramphistomum cervi and Moniezia benedini constituted 5.0%. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in mean faecal egg count (FEC) among the breeds investigated. Similarly, correlation coefficient between Haemonchus worm count (HWC) and FEC showed positive correlation value which was significantly (p<0.01) higher among WAD (0.661) than SW (0.427) and RS (0.350) breeds. Three (3) different haemoglobin types (HbAA, HbAB and HbBB) were detected among the goats investigated. Goats with HbAA showed significantly (p<0.05) higher PCV compared to those with HbAB/HbBB alleles. In addition, Sahel White and Red Sokoto breeds had microcytic, hypochromic anaemia with a significantly (p<0.05) lower haematocrit values than the West African Dwarf breed. Eosinophil count of RS and SW goats did not vary significantly between the parasitized and the non-parasitized goats. However, in WAD, the eosinophil count was significantly higher (p<0.05) in parasitized than non-parasitized goats. In conclusion, the WAD breed appears to be more resistant to helminthes infections and H. contortus in particular, than RS and SW, and this may be due to high frequency of HbAA alleles in this breed. The advantage of this relative resistance could be exploited by crossbreeding WAD with other breeds