Shell-lip thickness at 6 months.

<p>ANCOVA was used to adjust log(shell-lip thickness) to size expressed as the geometric mean of length and width of the shell. Probabilities for Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc comparisons are tabulated. Levene's test, P = 0.038. Back-transformed means (adjusted to shell size 14.5 mm) and standard errors: ET 1.95 ^+0.08_−0.08 mm, EC 0.911 ^+0.04_−0.11 mm, ST 1.72 ^+0.12_−0.11 mm, SC 0.82 ^+0.05_−0.05 mm. Labels are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052134#pone-0052134-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Common garden experiment: shell-lip thickness plotted as a function of shell size

<p>(<b>geometric mean of length and width</b>)<b>,</b> (<b>A</b>) <b>at 6 months from the beginning of the experiment,</b> (<b>B</b>) <b>at 12 months.</b> EF  =  exposed-site controls snails (n = 36), SF  =  sheltered-site control snails (n = 56), other symbols and sample sizes as in Fig. 2.</p

Morphometric analysis of shape of the shell, aperture external rim and aperture internal rim.

<p>Probability values for planned comparisons of mean relative warp scores are tabulated. ET  =  exposed-site snails receiving crab-effluent (n = 39), EC  =  exposed-site control (n = 51), ST  =  sheltered-site snails receiving crab-effluent (8), SC  =  sheltered-site controls (n = 16).</p><p>Shell shape: MANOVA, Box's M: P = 0.097; Wilk's lambda, P<0.001; Levene's Test: RW1, P = 0.515, RW2, P = 0.386; RW3, P = 0.002.</p><p>Aperture external rim: MANOVA, Box's M: P = 0.004; Levene's Test: RW1, P = 0.235, RW2, P = 0.562; RW3, P = 0.233.</p><p>Aperture internal rim: MANOVA, Box's M: P = 0.050; Levene's Test: RW1, P = 0.321, RW2, P = 0.404; RW3, P = 0.256.</p

Thickness of the shell lip after 12 months growth in the field, plotted as a function of shell size

<p>(<b>geometric mean of width and length</b>)<b>.</b> ET  =  exposed-site snails transplanted to the sheltered site (n = 46), EC  =  exposed-site snails replanted at the exposed site (n = 36), ST  =  sheltered-site snails transplanted to the exposed site (n = 7), SC  =  sheltered-site snails replanted at the sheltered site (n = 56).</p

Common garden experiment: ordination of scores on the first and second relative warps produced by morphometric analysis.

<p>Symbols and sample sizes as in Fig. 2. Deformation grids correspond to individuals subjectively chosen to represent the central tendency in each treatment.</p

Common garden experiment, exposed-site snails at 12 months from the beginning of the experiment.

<p>(A) shell mass plotted as a function of dry tissue mass. (B) tissue mass plotted as a function of shell length. F1T  =  F₁ snails subjected to crab-effluent (n = 29), F1C  =  F₁ control snails (n = 41), F2T  =  F₂ snails subjected to crab-effluent (n = 23), F2C  =  F₂ control snails (n = 25).</p

Shell-lip thickness at 12 months.

<p>ANCOVA as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052134#pone-0052134-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>, Levene's test, P = 0.007. Back-transformed means (adjusted to shell size 16.4 mm) and standard errors: EF 2.64 ^+0.08_−0.08 mm, ET 2.96 ^+0.09_−0.09 mm, EC 1.59 ^+0.03_−0.03 mm, SF 1.29 ^+0.03_−0.03 mm, ST 1.65 ^+0.10_−0.09 mm, SC 1.11 ^+0.04_−0.04 mm. EF  =  exposed-site field sample, SF  =  sheltered-site field sample.</p

Shell and tissue mass at 12 months from the beginning of the experiment.

<p>Log(shell mass) adjusted to log(dry tissue mass): ANCOVA, Levene's test, P = 0.934, means adjusted to back-transformed covariate value of 0.137 g. Log(tissue mass) adjusted to log(shell length): ANCOVA, Levene's test, P = 0.775, means adjusted to back-transformed covariate value of 20.0 mm. Probabilities for Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc comparisons and back-transformed adjusted means and standard errors are tabulated. F₁T  =  snails of the F₁ generation receiving the crab-effluent treatment, F₁C  =  F₁ controls, F₂T  =  snails of the F₂ generation receiving the crab-effluent treatment, F₂C  =  F₂ controls.</p

Shell shape of <i>Nucella lapillus</i>: position of landmarks.

<p>A) Shell shape a) shell collected from the site relatively sheltered from wave action, b) shell collected from the site exposed to strong wave action; shell length was represented by distance between landmarks1 and 11, shell width between landmarks 4 and 6, aperture external length between landmarks 5 and 11, aperture external width between landmarks 7 and 8, aperture internal length between landmarks 13 and 18, aperture internal width between landmarks 14 and 15; B) aperture shape a) external aperture, b) internal aperture.</p

Common garden experiment: Shell length of F₁ snails after 6 and 12 months growth.

<p>ET  =  snails of exposed-site ancestry subjected to crab-effluent (6 mo, N = 13; 12 mo, N = 38), EC  =  control snails of exposed-site ancestry (6 mo, N = 14; 12 mo, N = 51), ST  =  snails of sheltered-site ancestry subjected to crab-predation odour (6 mo, N = 4; 12 mo, N = 8), SC  =  control snails of sheltered-site ancestry (6 mo, N = 6; 12 mo, N = 16).</p