A educação ambiental na escola básica: diretrizes para a divulgação dos conhecimentos científicos

O estudo que originou este artigo teve como objetivo compreender as fontes de informação dos(as) professores(as) da educação básica sobre educação ambiental (EA) para contribuir para a inserção desta na escola básica. Foi um estudo qualitativo na modalidade pesquisa de campo e os dados para análise foram coletados por observações e entrevistas com cerca de trezentos professores e professoras em catorze municípios da região central do estado de São Paulo. Apresentamos aqui as conclusões finais do estudo: a sistematização de diretrizes para publicações mais adequadas para a inserção da EA na educação básica. Apontamos, nesse sentido, a necessidade de problematizar com a comunidade científica essas diretrizes, como também de criar, na formação inicial e permanente dos(as) professores(as), espaços de discussão de formas adequadas de busca de informações sobre educação ambiental.

Professional Mulatas: Race, Gender and Occupation

Based on a research carried out with a group of black women enrolled in the II Course for Professional Formation of Mulatas, the article recovers and analyses the categories through which the students represent their condition of mulatta and their passing to the condition of professional mulata. The mulata, who represents and mediates a Brazilian way of being a woman, sensual and race-mixed, the professional mulata debates herself, permanently, between two poles which are both professional and moral: on the one hand, there is a positive pole, of being a dancer, on the other, there is a threatening and negative one, of being a prostitute

Geomorphological and Spetrophotometric Study of Philae Landing Site A

We here present the geomorphological map coupled with the size-frequency distributions of boulders ≥ 2 m located on the different types of terrains here identified, such as outcropping layered terrains, gravitational accumulation deposits, taluses and fine particle deposits. Gravitational slopes, derived through the 67P shape model by assuming uniform density, have been used to characterize and better interpret the various terrains. Moreover, we show the spectrophotometric properties of the area, studied through images taken by OSIRIS NAC with a scale of 50 cm/px. Albedo maps, as well as surface reflectance spectra have been obtained by taking advantage of the shape model and DTM in order to correct for the illumination and observing conditions of the terrain. This multi-disciplinary analysis highlights that different types of deposits show different photometric properties

NF-kappa B, and not MYCN, Regulates MHC Class I and Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidases in Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid extracranial cancer of childhood. Amplification and overexpression of the MYCN oncogene characterize the most aggressive forms and are believed to severely down-regulate MHC class I molecules by transcriptional inhibition of the p50 NF-kappa B subunit. In this study, we found that in human NB cell lines, high MYCN expression is not responsible for low MHC class I expression because neither transfection-mediated overexpression nor small interfering RNA suppression of MYCN affects MHC class I and p50 levels. Furthermore, we identified NF-kappa B as the immediate upstream regulator of MHC class I because the p65 NF-kappa B subunit binds MHC class I promoter in chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, and MHC class I expression is enhanced by p65 transfection and reduced by (a) the chemical NF-kappa B inhibitor sulfasalazine, (b) a dominant-negative IKB alpha gene, and (c) p65 silencing. Moreover, we showed that the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2, which generate MHC class I binding peptides, are regulated by NF-kappa B, contain functional NF-kappa B-binding elements in their promoters, and mimic MHC class I molecules in the expression pattern. Consistent with these findings, nuclear p65 was detected in NB cells that express MHC class I molecules in human NB specimens. Thus, the coordinated downregulation of MHC class I, ERAP1, and ERAP2 in aggressive NB cells is attributable to a low transcriptional availability of NF-kappa B, possibly due to an unknown suppressor other than MYCN. Cancer Res; 70(3); 916-24. (C)2010 AACR