Withaferin A Suppresses Anti-apoptotic BCL2, Bcl-xL, XIAP and Survivin Genes in Cervical Carcinoma Cells

Purpose: To investigate the effect of withaferin A on the suppression of the anti-apoptotic genes, BCL2, Bcl-xL, XIAP and Survivin), in cervical carcinoma cells.Methods: Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining was used for the investigation of cell apoptosis. RNA RNeasy Kits was used to isolate RNA and Omniscript RT to reverse and transcribe the mRNA. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed using Taq PCR Master Mix Kit.Results: Withaferin A (WFA) treatment reduced mRNA and protein levels of antiapoptotic genes in MCF-7 and HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. Suppression of BCL2, Bcl-xL, XIAP and Survivin induced a significant anti-proliferative effect. Treatment with WFA at a concentration of 20 μM, decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis. In MCF-7 cells, knockdown of BCL2, Bcl-xL, XIAP and Survivin caused 4-fold enhancement in apoptosis rate and 53 % decrease in cell viability.Conclusion: WFA significantly leads to knockdown of antiapoptotic genes and is, therefore, a promising treatment strategy for cervical cancer.Keywords: Anti-apoptotic genes, Cervical cancer, Apoptosis, Cell viability, BCL2, Bcl-xL, XIAP and Survivi

Weak measurement combined with quantum delayed-choice experiment and implementation in optomechanical system

Weak measurement [1,19] combined with quantum delayed-choice experiment that use quantum beam splitter instead of the beam splitter give rise to a surprising amplification effect, i.e., counterintuitive negative amplification effect. We show that this effect is caused by the wave and particle behaviours of the system to be and can't be explained by a semiclassical wave theory, due to the entanglement of the system and the ancilla in quantum beam splitter. The amplification mechanism about wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics lead us to a scheme for implementation of weak measurement in optomechanical system

Game Theoretic Approaches to Massive Data Processing in Wireless Networks

Wireless communication networks are becoming highly virtualized with two-layer hierarchies, in which controllers at the upper layer with tasks to achieve can ask a large number of agents at the lower layer to help realize computation, storage, and transmission functions. Through offloading data processing to the agents, the controllers can accomplish otherwise prohibitive big data processing. Incentive mechanisms are needed for the agents to perform the controllers' tasks in order to satisfy the corresponding objectives of controllers and agents. In this article, a hierarchical game framework with fast convergence and scalability is proposed to meet the demand for real-time processing for such situations. Possible future research directions in this emerging area are also discussed

Environment-mediated entropic uncertainty in charging quantum batteries

We studied the dynamics of entropic uncertainty in Markovian and non-Markovian systems during the charging of open quantum batteries (QBs) mediated by a common dissipation environment. In the non-Markovian regime, the battery is almost fully charged efficiently, and the strong non-Markovian property is beneficial for improving the charging power. In addition, the results show that the energy storage is closely related to the couplings of the charger-reservoir and battery-reservoir; that is, the stronger coupling of a charger-reservoir improves energy storage. In particular, entanglement is required to obtain the most stored energy and is accompanied by the least tight entropic bound. Interestingly, it was found that the tightness of the entropic bound can be considered a good indicator of the energy transfer in different charging processes, and the complete energy transfer always corresponds to the tightest entropic bound. Our results provide insight into the optimal charging efficiency of QBs during practical charging.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, comments are welcomed. Accepted by Physical Review

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Wireless Communications: Principles, Challenges, and Opportunities

Recently there has been a flurry of research on the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in wireless networks to create smart radio environments. In a smart radio environment, surfaces are capable of manipulating the propagation of incident electromagnetic waves in a programmable manner to actively alter the channel realization, which turns the wireless channel into a controllable system block that can be optimized to improve overall system performance. In this article, we provide a tutorial overview of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) for wireless communications. We describe the working principles of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and elaborate on different candidate implementations using metasurfaces and reflectarrays. We discuss the channel models suitable for both implementations and examine the feasibility of obtaining accurate channel estimates. Furthermore, we discuss the aspects that differentiate RIS optimization from precoding for traditional MIMO arrays highlighting both the arising challenges and the potential opportunities associated with this emerging technology. Finally, we present numerical results to illustrate the power of an RIS in shaping the key properties of a MIMO channel.Comment: to appear in the IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking (TCCN