Adult-type rhabdomyoma of the thyroid: A case report

Adult-type rhabdomyoma (AR) is a benign myogenous neoplasm. It is rarely located in the thyroid. We present a case of a 61-year-old man, presenting with complaints of a mass found in his left neck for three years. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a mass in the left lobe of the thyroid. Subsequently, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy showed that the lesion was suspected to be an oncocytic neoplasm, and the patient underwent surgery. Finally, the lesion was confirmed to be an AR of the thyroid by postoperative pathological diagnosis. In conclusion, AR that occurs in the thyroid is remarkably rare. No case reports to date have described in detail the imaging findings of AR in the thyroid. This study demonstrates the imaging characteristics of a patient with AR of the thyroid, in order to provide more extensive insights to consider the differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions

STAT1 as a downstream mediator of ERK signaling contributes to bone cancer pain by regulating MHC II expression in spinal microglia

Major histocompatibility class II (MHC II)-specific activation of CD4+ T helper cells generates specific and persistent adaptive immunity against tumors. Emerging evidence demonstrates that MHC II is also involved in basic pain perception; however, little is known regarding its role in the development of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). In this study, we demonstrate that MHC II expression was markedly induced on the spinal microglia of CIBP rats in response to STAT1 phosphorylation. Mechanical allodynia was ameliorated by either pharmacological or genetic inhibition of MHC II upregulation, which was also attenuated by the inhibition of pSTAT1 and pERK but was deteriorated by intrathecal injection of IFNγ. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK signaling decreased the phosphorylation of STAT1, as well as the production of MHC II in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that STAT1 contributes to bone cancer pain as a downstream mediator of ERK signaling by regulating MHC II expression in spinal microglia

The role of spinal GABAB receptors in cancer-induced bone pain in rats

Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) remains a major challenge in advanced cancer patients due to our lack of understanding of its mechanisms. Previous studies have demonstrated the vital role of GABAB receptors (GABABRs) in regulating nociception and various neuropathic pain models have shown diminished activity of GABABRs. However, the role of spinal GABABRs in CIBP remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the specific cellular mechanisms of GABABRs in the development and maintenance of CIBP in rats. Our behavioral results show that both acute and chronic intrathecal treatment with baclofen, a GABABR agonist, significantly attenuated CIBP-induced mechanical allodynia and ambulatory pain. The expression levels of GABABRs were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner and colocalized mostly with neuron and a minority with astrocyte and microglia. Chronic treatment with baclofen restored the expression of GABABRs and markedly inhibited the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway

The Impact of Different Ventilation Conditions on Electric Bus Fires

Once a fire breaks out in an electric bus, it can easily lead to mass casualties and severe injuries, resulting in significant property damage and social impact. The high-temperature smoke and toxic gases in an electric bus fire are key factors that cause a large number of casualties, both of which are closely related to ventilation conditions. In view of this, this study utilized the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS 6) software to establish a three-dimensional experimental model of an electric bus. Numerical simulations of the fire combustion process in the electric bus under different ventilation conditions were conducted. Multiple fire scenes were established based on varying ventilation areas, different wind speeds, and diverse window opening positions. This study specifically analyzed the temperature and CO concentration variations under different fire scenes. By comparing the simulation results under different ventilation conditions, it can be concluded that when an electric bus catches fire, opening 100% of the windows, the wind speed is 8 m/s, and opening the rear window of the electric bus first can minimize the fire risk. Through the numerical simulation of electric bus fires under various conditions, this study analyzed the impact of different ventilation conditions on electric bus fires, providing a theoretical basis for firefighting and rescue efforts as well as personnel evacuation in electric bus fire incidents, with the ultimate goal of maximizing public safety

Exercise interventions for the effect of endothelial function in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Endothelial dysfunction is crucial factor to the hypertension occurrence, and controversy remains regarding the effect of exercise on improving endothelial function in hypertensive patients. The authors used meta‐analysis to evaluate the intervention effect of exercise on endothelial function in hypertensive patients and to investigate exercise protocols that may have a greater intervention effect. A total of 37 studies and a total of 2801 participants were included. The results were as follows: endogenous nitric oxide (NO)[SMD = .89, 95% CI (.48, 1.30), p < .0001], endothelin‐1 (ET‐1): [SMD = −.94, 95% CI (−1.15, −.73), p <. 0001], flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) [SMD = −.57, 95% CI (.36, .79), p < .000001]. In subgroup analysis, high‐intensity aerobic exercise, with a single exercise duration of 35–50 min, 3–4 times/week for a total of 10–12 weeks, had the largest amount of intervention effect on NO, and moderate‐intensity resistance exercise, with a single exercise duration of ≥60 min, 6 times/week for a total of 15–18 weeks, had the largest amount of intervention effect on ET‐1. In conclusion, exercise can improve NO levels, FDM levels, and reduce ET‐1 secretion of hypertension patients, thereby improve their endothelial function. The ideal intervention effect of improving NO level was more likely to be obtained by taking the exercise prescription of high‐intensity aerobic exercise with a single exercise duration of 35–50 min, 3–4 times/week for 10–12 weeks; the ideal intervention effect of improving ET‐1 was more likely to be obtained by taking the exercise prescription of oderate ‐intensity resistance exercise with a single exercise duration of ≥60 min, 6 times/week for 15–18 weeks

Synthesis, characterization, and the antifungal activity of chitosan derivatives containing urea groups

As an abundant and renewable polysaccharide, chitosan has been drawing broad attention due to its natural properties. For the further utilization of chitosan, chemical modification can be applied in improving its water solubility and the bioactivities. In this study, four chitosan derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of chloracetyl chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium salt (CTCS) and urea groups bearing 4-amino-pyridine, including BCTCS, 2CBCTCS, 3CBCTCS, and 4CBCTCS. The structure characteristics of synthesized products were established based on FT-1R spectroscopy, H-1 NMR, and elemental analysis. Their antifungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Phomopsis asparagus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumebrium Owen, and Botrytis cinerea were estimated by hyphal measurement in vitro. Generally, the inhibition ratio of most products was higher than 80% at 1.0 mg/mL. Their inhibitory activity decreased roughly in the order: 4CBCTCS > 3CBCTCS > 2CBCTCS> BCTCS > CTCS> chitosan, resulted from the different degrees of substitution of the effectively active groups-urea groups. Meanwhile, the effects on beneficial soil microbes, including Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Sinorhizobium saheli LMG7837, of these synthesized chitosan derivatives were evaluated by disk diffusion method. The results showed that these substances do not inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria and some of them could be employed as green antifungal biomaterials. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Table_1_Primary pure large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and literature review.docx

BackgroundThe large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the urinary bladder is a rare malignancy. With its high aggressiveness and poor prognosis, the disease is often accompanied by metastasis or recurrence. The lack of specific clinical manifestations and imaging features causes considerable challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Case presentationWe report a case of LCNEC of the urinary bladder. The patient was a 79-year-old male admitted to our hospital with recurrent episodes of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Based on the computed tomography (CT) scan findings, our patient presented with a bladder mass displaying invasion into the serosal layer, suggestive of muscle involvement and indicative of malignancy. The patient received a radical cystectomy, and the postoperative pathology confirmed primary, pure LCNEC of the urinary bladder. We gave him 16 cycles of toripalimab immunotherapy. As of follow-up, the patient was alive, and periodic CT reexamination showed no evidence of recurrence.ConclusionsWe reviewed domestic and foreign literature and found no explicit treatment protocols exist for the disease. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy were the most common treatments. Herein, we reported the first case of primary, pure LCNEC of the urinary bladder treated by radical cystectomy combined with pure immunotherapy, achieving sustained remission, which provides a new idea for the immunotherapy and integrative treatment of the disease.</p

Table_2_Primary pure large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and literature review.docx

BackgroundThe large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the urinary bladder is a rare malignancy. With its high aggressiveness and poor prognosis, the disease is often accompanied by metastasis or recurrence. The lack of specific clinical manifestations and imaging features causes considerable challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Case presentationWe report a case of LCNEC of the urinary bladder. The patient was a 79-year-old male admitted to our hospital with recurrent episodes of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Based on the computed tomography (CT) scan findings, our patient presented with a bladder mass displaying invasion into the serosal layer, suggestive of muscle involvement and indicative of malignancy. The patient received a radical cystectomy, and the postoperative pathology confirmed primary, pure LCNEC of the urinary bladder. We gave him 16 cycles of toripalimab immunotherapy. As of follow-up, the patient was alive, and periodic CT reexamination showed no evidence of recurrence.ConclusionsWe reviewed domestic and foreign literature and found no explicit treatment protocols exist for the disease. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy were the most common treatments. Herein, we reported the first case of primary, pure LCNEC of the urinary bladder treated by radical cystectomy combined with pure immunotherapy, achieving sustained remission, which provides a new idea for the immunotherapy and integrative treatment of the disease.</p

Image_1_Primary pure large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and literature review.tif

BackgroundThe large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the urinary bladder is a rare malignancy. With its high aggressiveness and poor prognosis, the disease is often accompanied by metastasis or recurrence. The lack of specific clinical manifestations and imaging features causes considerable challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Case presentationWe report a case of LCNEC of the urinary bladder. The patient was a 79-year-old male admitted to our hospital with recurrent episodes of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Based on the computed tomography (CT) scan findings, our patient presented with a bladder mass displaying invasion into the serosal layer, suggestive of muscle involvement and indicative of malignancy. The patient received a radical cystectomy, and the postoperative pathology confirmed primary, pure LCNEC of the urinary bladder. We gave him 16 cycles of toripalimab immunotherapy. As of follow-up, the patient was alive, and periodic CT reexamination showed no evidence of recurrence.ConclusionsWe reviewed domestic and foreign literature and found no explicit treatment protocols exist for the disease. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy were the most common treatments. Herein, we reported the first case of primary, pure LCNEC of the urinary bladder treated by radical cystectomy combined with pure immunotherapy, achieving sustained remission, which provides a new idea for the immunotherapy and integrative treatment of the disease.</p

Table_3_Primary pure large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and literature review.docx

BackgroundThe large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the urinary bladder is a rare malignancy. With its high aggressiveness and poor prognosis, the disease is often accompanied by metastasis or recurrence. The lack of specific clinical manifestations and imaging features causes considerable challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Case presentationWe report a case of LCNEC of the urinary bladder. The patient was a 79-year-old male admitted to our hospital with recurrent episodes of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Based on the computed tomography (CT) scan findings, our patient presented with a bladder mass displaying invasion into the serosal layer, suggestive of muscle involvement and indicative of malignancy. The patient received a radical cystectomy, and the postoperative pathology confirmed primary, pure LCNEC of the urinary bladder. We gave him 16 cycles of toripalimab immunotherapy. As of follow-up, the patient was alive, and periodic CT reexamination showed no evidence of recurrence.ConclusionsWe reviewed domestic and foreign literature and found no explicit treatment protocols exist for the disease. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy were the most common treatments. Herein, we reported the first case of primary, pure LCNEC of the urinary bladder treated by radical cystectomy combined with pure immunotherapy, achieving sustained remission, which provides a new idea for the immunotherapy and integrative treatment of the disease.</p