Some Problems Concerning Interchange of Order of Integration in Functional Integral Formalism of U(1) Gauge Field Theories

We show that in the functional integral formalism of U(1) gauge field theory some formal manipulation such as interchange of order of integration can yield erroneous results. The example studied is analysed by Fubini theorem.Comment: 3 pages, revte

Gauge invariant hydrogen atom Hamiltonian

For quantum mechanics of a charged particle in a classical external electromagnetic field, there is an apparent puzzle that the matrix element of the canonical momentum and Hamiltonian operators is gauge dependent. A resolution to this puzzle is recently provided by us in [2]. Based on the separation of the electromagnetic potential into pure gauge and gauge invariant parts, we have proposed a new set of momentum and Hamiltonian operators which satisfy both the requirement of gauge invariance and the relevant commutation relations. In this paper we report a check for the case of the hydrogen atom problem: Starting from the Hamiltonian of the coupled electron, proton and electromagnetic field, under the infinite proton mass approximation, we derive the gauge invariant hydrogen atom Hamiltonian and verify explicitly that this Hamiltonian is different from the Dirac Hamiltonian, which is the time translation generator of the system. The gauge invariant Hamiltonian is the energy operator, whose eigenvalue is the energy of the hydrogen atom. It is generally time-dependent. In this case, one can solve the energy eigenvalue equation at any specific instant of time. It is shown that the energy eigenvalues are gauge independent, and by suitably choosing the phase factor of the time-dependent eigenfunction, one can ensure that the time-dependent eigenfunction satisfies the Dirac equation.Comment: 7 pages, revtex4, some further discussion on Dirac Hamiltonian and the gauge invariant Hamiltonian is added, one reference removed; new address of some of the authors added, final version to appear in Phys. Rev.

The Tensor Current Divergence Equation in U(1) Gauge Theories is Free of Anomalies

The possible anomaly of the tensor current divergence equation in U(1) gauge theories is calculated by means of perturbative method. It is found that the tensor current divergence equation is free of anomalies.Comment: Revtex4, 7 pages, 2 figure

介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的护理体会

Objective: To explore the nursing methods of lower limb arteriosclerosis occlusion disease with interventional therapy. Methods: Analyze perioperative nursing for 30 cases of lower limb arteriosclerosis occlusion with stenting and balloon dilatation. Results: 27 cases of patients with stent implantation, 3 cases of balloon dilatation, including 3 cases of late stent patients had bypass surgery, the rest has achieved good nursing effect. Conclusion: Perioperative nursing plays an important role in AOS interventional therapy and early recovery of the patient.目的  探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗的护理方法。方法  对30例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者给予了支架植入和球囊扩张术围手术期的护理总结。结果  27例患者行支架植入术，3例球囊扩张术，其中有3例支架植入患者后期做了搭桥手术，其余均取得良好的护理效果。结论  围手术期的护理对于AOS介入治疗起到重要保障，促进了患者的早日康复