An Effective Path Selection Method in Multiple Care-of Addresses MIPv6 with Parallel Delay Measurement Technique

Abstract. In the Ubiquitous Society, there will be many types of mobile access network surrounding us and we can access the Internet anytime anywhere. At that time, mobile device can select several links from surrounded mobile access networks and access the Internet with multiple interfaces. We have already Mobile IPv6 protocol that supports mobility and try to extend to support multiple Care-of Addresses registration. But, we don't have any solution for selecting effective path. The effective path has many advantages such as reducing communication overhead. In this paper, we propose that effective path selection method in Multiple Care-of Addresses Mobile IPv6 environment with 'Parallel Delay Measurement' technique. With our technique, we can make down average packet delay

Enhanced Electrochemical Performances of Hollow-Structured N-Doped Carbon Derived from a Zeolitic Imidazole Framework (ZIF-8) Coated by Polydopamine as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Doping heteroatoms such as nitrogen (N) and boron (B) into the framework of carbon materials is one of the most efficient methods to improve the electrical performance of carbon-based electrodes. In this study, N-doped carbon has been facilely synthesized using a ZIF-8/polydopamine precursor. The polyhedral structure of ZIF-8 and the effective surface-coating capability of dopamine enabled the formation of N-doped carbon with a hollow structure. The ZIF-8 polyhedron served as a sacrificial template for hollow structures, and dopamine participated as a donor of the nitrogen element. When compared to ZIF-8-derived carbon, the HSNC electrode showed an improved reversible capacity of approximately 1398 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles, with excellent cycling retention at a voltage range of 0.01 to 3.0 V using a current density of 0.1 A·g−1

Effects of Crosslinking Methods on Network Structure and Enzymatic Degradation of Methacrylate-Functionalized Chitosan Hydrogel

Polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid, alginate, or chitosan, can be modified by addition of reactive functional groups to enable chemical crosslinking. Here, we studied how different methods of crosslinking methacrylate-functionalized chitosan affected the network structures of the resulting hydrogels. We then investigated how the porous network structures in turn influenced stiffness, macromolecular diffusion through the pores, and enzymatic degradation. All these properties are relevant for utilization of the chemically crosslinked hydrogels in biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and delivery of therapeutic agents. We made chitosan hydrogels using four crosslinking methods, which differ by type and by reaction kinetics. We found that four chitosan hydrogels having identical polymer fractions at an equilibrium swelling exhibited marked differences in their shear moduli, rate of dextran diffusion, and especially their enzymatic degradation behaviors. We inferred that these differences originated in variations among network structures, which were characterized by the formation of chain bundles and associated network heterogeneity as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering analysis

Electronically Double-Layered Metal Boride Hollow Nanoprism as an Excellent and Robust Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts

Metal-metalloid compounds have been paid much attention as new high-performance water oxidation catalysts due to their exceptional durability for water oxidation in alkaline media originating from the multi-dimensional covalent bonding of the metalloid with the surrounding metal atoms. However, compared to the excellent stability, a relatively low catalytic activity of metal-metalloids often limits their practical application as high-performance water oxidation catalysts. Here, for the first time, disclosed is a novel self-templating strategy combined with atomic layer deposition (ALD) to design the electrochemically active and stable quaternary metal boride (vanadium-doped cobalt nickel boride, VCNB), hollow nanoprism by inducing electronic double layers on the surface. The incorporation of V in a double-layered structure can substantially increase the number of surface active sites with unsaturated electronic structure. Furthermore, the induced electronic double layers of V can effectively protect the dissolution of the surface active sites. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the impressive water oxidation properties of VCNB originate from the synergetic physicochemical effects of the different metal elements, Co and B as active sites, Ni as a surface electronic structure modifier, and V as a charge carrier transporter and supplier

Facile Microfluidic Fabrication of 3D hydrogel SERS Substrate with High Reusability and Reproducibility via Programmable Maskless Flow Microlithography

In the field of surface???enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), advances in nanotechnology and surface chemistry have contributed to fabricating the metal substrates with highly sophisticated architectures and strong binding affinity to target molecules which enhanced the sensitivity to target molecules. However, the elaborate yet complicated steps for the synthesis, patterning, and surface modification of metal substrates have often resulted in compromising the reliability, reproducibility, and reusability as SERS substrates. Here, a fully programmable and automated digital maskless flow microlithography process that spatiotemporally controls the fluid flow, UV irradiation, and the shape and location of SERS polymer matrix is provided to fabricate a reliable, reproducible, and reusable hydrogel???based 3D SERS substrate. The SERS substrates are located inside the microfluidic device in the form of disk???shaped hydrogels. By rationally designing the functional group chemistry of the hydrogel microposts, Ag nanoparticles are homogeneously synthesized in situ, a target molecule is amplified by 25???fold inside the microposts, and an enhancement factor as high as 2.4 ?? 108 is observed. Furthermore, a highly reusable multitarget sensing capability is demonstrated by a sequential analysis of multiple analytes without the trace of former analytes via the intermittent washing step

Discontinuous pn-Heterojunction for Organic Thin Film Transistors

Utilization of discontinuous pn-oragnic heterojunction is introduced as a versatile method to improve charge transport in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The method is demonstrated by depositing n-type dioctyl perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C₈) discontinuously onto base p-type pentacene OTFTs. A more pronounced impact of the discontinuous upper layer is obtained on the transistor performances when thinner base layers are employed; a >100-fold enhancement in hole mobility and a >20 V shift in threshold voltage are achieved after applying PTCDI-C₈ discontinuously onto 2 nm thick pentacene thin films. Local surface potential measurements (Kelvin-probe force microscopy) and temperature-dependent transport measurements (77–300 K) reveal that the interfacial dipole formed at the pn-heterostructures effectively dopes the base pentacene films p-type and leads to a reduction in transport activation energy