Contribution Ratio of Metatarsal Osteotomy and First Tarsometatarsal Joint Reduction in Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus Correction

Hallux valgus is a common foot and ankle disease, for which numerous surgical procedures were introduced. So, understanding the mechanism of deformity reduction is important to select the proper method. Intermetatarsal angle (IMA) determines the severity of hallux valgus, which is influenced by the translated metatarsal head and the reduction of the first tarsometatarsal joint. We hypothesized that both of the mechanisms simultaneously contribute to the correction of IMA. Hallux valgus (70 feet) operated with a Scarf osteotomy with the Akin procedure were reviewed. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), IMA (mechanical and anatomical), hallux valgus interphalangeal angle (HVIP), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), and sesamoid position were checked. The ratio of contributions to the IMA changes were calculated and compared. When the individual contributions by metatarsal head translation and first tarsometatarsal joint reduction were compared, metatarsal head translation contributed by 82%, whereas first tarsometatarsal joint reduction contributed by 18%. Both were responsible for mechanical IMA correction. However, IMA change by metatarsal head translation was a major correction mechanism compared to anatomical IMA change by first tarsometatarsal joint reduction

Low Temperature Measurement of the Electrical Conductivity in Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Films

We examine the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity in amorphous InGaZnO thin films with various cation compositions. In-rich films are metallic, while Ga-rich films are semiconducting with logarithmic conductivities linear to -T−1/4 above T = 60 K. The Zn-rich films are also semiconducting but have >102 times higher conductivity than the Ga-rich films. At T > 60 K, thermal electronic excitation dominantly contributes the conduction, while at T < 60 K, certain impurity scatterings or structural disorders have importance in the electrical properties in low carrier a-IGZO system.1331sciescopu

The impact of orbital hybridization on the electronic structure of crystalline InGaZnO: a new perspective on the compositional dependence

We report an investigation of the electronic structure of crystalline InGaZnO (IGZO) using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and ab initio density functional theory calculations. The electronic properties of the conduction band vary significantly with the composition of InGaZnO4 and In2Ga2ZnO7, and this is strongly correlated with the XAS spectra. Detailed analyses of the orbital character reveal crystal field splitting under characteristic local structural distortions of the ZnO5 coordinate bonds, which breaks the In p/d orbital degeneracy and preferentially lowers the energies of the In p(z) and d(3z(2) - r(2), xz/yz) orbitals near the Zn ions. The In s-p/d orbitals hybridize and contribute to the low-energy features of the In 5s orbitals. Therefore, the strong dependence of the electronic structure on the composition can be understood in terms of the abundance of distorted ZnO5 coordination near the In3+ ions. In the case of amorphous IGZO, however, the XAS study and the ab initio calculations consistently show that the dependence of the electronic structure on the composition is significantly weaker than it is for crystalline IGZO, which is due to the lack of distinct symmetry in the s-p/d mixed orbitals. This work demonstrates that orbital hybridization is significant in determining the detailed low-energy electronic structure of crystalline IGZO

Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande

International audiencePreceding a core-collapse supernova, various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming core-collapse supernova can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande have been monitoring pre-supernova neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande on pre-supernova neutrino detection. A pre-supernova alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the Super-Kamiokande detector is developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-supernova neutrino signal from a 15 M$_{\odot}$ star within 510 pc of the Earth, at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hours in advance

Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande

International audiencePreceding a core-collapse supernova, various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming core-collapse supernova can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande have been monitoring pre-supernova neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande on pre-supernova neutrino detection. A pre-supernova alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the Super-Kamiokande detector is developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-supernova neutrino signal from a 15 M$_{\odot}$ star within 510 pc of the Earth, at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hours in advance