Editorial Introduction: Urban-Rural Regeneration and Cultural Sustainability

In the current rapid urbanization view of most countries in the world, it is important to pay attention to legislation and policy development, the improvement of adequate infrastructure and basic services, urban planning and design. This will create an inclusive, tough, prosperous economic environment and maximize the benefits of agglomeration. Sustainable urban rural development remains one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century. Central and local governments and their partners should pay greater attention to one another and work together to build on a more harmonious, fair, inclusive and environmentally sustainable planned environment at the urban-rural scale. According to the UN-HABITAT Global Activity Report 2015, the world has experienced rapid urbanization. In 2008, the urban population exceeded the rural population. By 2050, it is expected that two thirds of the world's population will live in urban areas. With more than half of humanity living in cities, it is estimated that urban areas account for 70% of the world's gross domestic product and therefore have led to economic growth and prosperity (UN-HABITAT, 2015)

(Main Section: Community Planning)

The term “community planning” appears in various disciplines. Perhaps, there is no universal definition that would be accepted by all scholars given the broad meaning of “community”, the changing players and the evolving approaches of urban planning. “Community” usually refers to people, place and the ties between people in those places. Planning was once the actions of governments for the common well-being of a place. However, in recent decades, a movement of citizen/NGO participation has deepened the practice. According to research that analyzed a total of 1,681 articles with the keyword “community planning” published from 1999 to 2014 in the fields of “Planning Development”, “Geography” and “Urban Studies” in Web of Science databases, the most discussed themes were “collaboration and participation”, “physical planning at the community level”, “special community” (such as gated communities), “safety”, “emotion and identity” (such as the feeling of belonging), “sustainable development”, “revitalization”, and “application of GIS” (Yuan, Liu, & Lin, 2015). In this sense, all the seven articles included in this special issue well fit the meaning of “community planning”

(Main Section: Urban-Rural Regeneration and Cultural Sustainability)

In the current rapid urbanization view of most countries in the world, it is important to pay attention to legislation and policy development, the improvement of adequate infrastructure and basic services, urban planning and design. This will create an inclusive, tough, prosperous economic environment and maximize the benefits of agglomeration. Sustainable urban rural development remains one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century. Central and local governments and their partners should pay greater attention to one another and work together to build on a more harmonious, fair, inclusive and environmentally sustainable planned environment at the urban-rural scale. According to the UN-HABITAT Global Activity Report 2015, the world has experienced rapid urbanization. In 2008, the urban population exceeded the rural population. By 2050, it is expected that two thirds of the world\u27s population will live in urban areas. With more than half of humanity living in cities, it is estimated that urban areas account for 70% of the world\u27s gross domestic product and therefore have led to economic growth and prosperity (UN-HABITAT, 2015)

(Main Section: Ecological Planning)

Sustainable spatial planning can be discussed in three categories based on the definition of sustainability; economic, social and ecological (environmental) aspects of planning. Therefore, having the perspective of ecological planning is a prerequisite to understanding all of the anthropogenic activities related to spatial development and conservation, at the local to global scales. To promote ecological planning concepts in practical cases, however, often faces conflict with economic and social benefits. This is the reason why our society still requires further evidence regarding the relevance of ecological planning and its way to incorporate with the existing planning context. This may be the responsibility of all researchers, planners, developers and administrators who are working with or for our environment

(Main Section: Urban-Rural Regeneration and Cultural Sustainability)

Recently, self-wedding photographs have become popular among soon-to-be married couples, affecting tourism and industry in Jeju Island. From the research on three sites, St. Isidore Farm, Camellia Hill and Saryeoni Forest Trail, this article argues that photographers and self-wedding photographing tourists\u27 role can be important in attracting new visitors by sharing photos through social networking sites. Using a mixed-methods approach - including analysing Instagram photo postings, on-site interviews with managers of the destinations and self-wedding photographers, and questionnaires with self wedding photographing tourists - this study examines the process of discovering new sightseeing places by tourists through self-wedding photographs. The paper also identifies the characteristics of the photogenic spots and records the changes in places caused by these tourists. This paper challenges the understanding of existing tourism resources by asserting that self-wedding photographs and places in Jeju can be utilized as one of the tourism resources through discussion of wedding photographs and tourism

(Main Section: Ecological Planning)

Transition Area, Urban BR and sanjabunsuryung The biosphere reserves (BRs) of the UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) aim at the successful coexistence of humans and nature. The existing BRs have worked with local people to create culture landscapes and conserve natural resources. The ideal BR models for areas undergoing climate change are cities within nature, and the areas that can be designated as BRs have natural and cultural landscapes. BRs comprise three areas, the core, buffer, and transition, in order to efficiently perform three functions, which are conservation, development, and logistical support. A transition area is where people earn an income from local businesses while effectively preserving their natural surroundings. When this area has a role in meeting the communal goals of residents by providing local resources and landscapes, it is appropriately managed and maintained. In addition, local products produced in BRs, which UNESCO believes are generated in excellent ecosystems, can be sold under the BR brand, contributing to residents’ incomes and local image. The Baekdudaegan mountain range (BDDG) is traditionally cherished as a symbol of the Korean peninsula and has enormous scientific value as an ecological repository. Additionally, the BDDG is considered a unique geographical recognition system referred to as sanjabunsuryung by the local area districts where Korean people have lived following a unique religious and historical culture. This study categorized types of transition areas in targeted areas with high potential for designation as a BR based on geographical characteristics. The developed index was supported by the Analytical Hierarchy Process method proposed by experts, and zoning of the BR was performed. Among the areas of the BR, the transition area was the focus of this study. This area was classified into three types, which were then subdivided. The watershed types were self-managed, neighborhood, and cooperative; the resident types were urban, relatively rural, and rural; and the local resources types were natural scenery and historical-cultural. A management plan is suggested regarding administrative districts, an urban BR, and relationships to other protected areas in the BDDG. In conclusion, the transition area of the BR was recognized as urban via the categorization process, and management of the BDDG should take a long-term approach

Editorial introduction: Green Planning

This special issue deals with research presented at the biannual SPSD conference held in Seoul, South Korea in 2017. Specifically, about half of the presentations (total 68) were submitted in full length, aiming for official publication in IRSPSD and from these, this issue was initially based on nine papers. Five papers were finally accepted and comprise this special issue

Rocuronium bromide induced anaphylaxis in a child -A case report-

Anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reaction in pediatric patient during anesthesia is rare. We report a rocuronium induced anaphylactic reaction in a 33-month-old female. The patient was scheduled to undergo escharectomy due to injuries suffered from a major burn. Shortly after administration of rocuronium, the patient developed severe hypotension, tachycardia, and hypoxia. A similar reaction occurred after administration of rocuronium on subsequent anesthesia. She underwent uneventful anesthesia with volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia with sevoflurane on her next 7 operations without using of muscle relaxant

Effect of DPSS laser on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets

Purpose—To test the bonding of orthodontic brackets to teeth using a diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) laser. Methods—A total of 60 extracted human teeth were divided randomly into four groups: Group 1 (control) - the brackets were bonded to teeth using the quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) light (800 mW/cm2) for 40 seconds; Groups 2–4 - the brackets were bonded to teeth using the DPSS laser (500 mW/cm2) for 40 seconds, 20 seconds, and 10 seconds, respectively. The teeth were debonded using shear force in a universal testing machine, and the amount of residual adhesive remaining on each tooth was evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out for the shear bond strength (SBS) and Adhesive Remnant Index (ART). Results—The brackets bonded using the DPSS laser for 40 seconds showed the highest mean SBS (13.1±1.2 MPa) among the groups. Furthermore, the DPSS laser with 10 seconds light-curing could achieve 83% of the mean SBS obtained using the QTH light for 40 seconds. The ARI scores showed no differences among all four groups suggesting a similar failure mode