An Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Thai Traditional Polyherbal Recipe TPDM6315 in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages and TNF-α-Induced 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

TPDM6315 is an antipyretic Thai herbal recipe that contains several herbs with anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of TPDM6315 extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and TNF-α-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the effects of TPDM6315 extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that the TPDM6315 extracts reduced the nitric oxide production and downregulated the iNOS, IL-6, PGE2, and TNF-α genes regulating fever in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The treatment of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with TPDM6315 extracts during a differentiation to the adipocytes resulted in the decreasing of the cellular lipid accumulation in adipocytes. The ethanolic extract (10 µg/mL) increased the mRNA level of adiponectin (the anti-inflammatory adipokine) and upregulated the PPAR-γ in the TNF-α induced adipocytes. These findings provide evidence-based support for the traditional use of TPDM6315 as an anti-pyretic for fever originating from inflammation. The anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory actions of TPDM6315 in TNF-α induced adipocytes suggest that this herbal recipe could be useful for the treatment of metabolic syndrome disorders caused by obesity. Further investigations into the modes of action of TPDM6315 are needed for developing health products to prevent or regulate disorders resulting from inflammation

Isolation of a new compound, 2-butanone 4-glucopyranoside 6′-<i>O</i>-gallate and other 8 compounds from the anti-inflammatory leave extracts of <i>Memecylon edule</i> Roxb

<p>This present study was designed to isolate the compounds of <i>Memecylon edule</i>. The chemical compounds were purified by chromatographic methods and their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses (UV, MS and NMR). The major isolated compounds were tested for anti-inflammatory activity. The methanolic extracts of <i>M. edule</i> leaves gave a new compound 2-butanone 4-glucopyranoside 6′-<i>O</i>-gallate (<b>1</b>) with eight known compounds, namely, 3,3′-di-<i>O</i>-methylellagic acid 4-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-d-glucopyranoside (<b>2</b>), epigallocatechin-3-<i>O</i>-gallate (EGCG) (<b>3</b>), (2<i>R</i>, 3<i>R</i>)–dihydromyricetin-4′-<i>β</i>-d-glucopyranoside (<b>4</b>), myricetin-3-<i>O</i>-<i>α</i>-l-rhamnopyranoside (<b>5</b>), benzyl-(6-<i>O</i>-<i>α</i>-L arabinofuranosyl) <i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-d-glucopyranoside (<b>6</b>), benzyl-(6-<i>O</i>-<i>α</i>-l-rhanmopyranosyl) <i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-d-glucopyranoside (<b>7</b>), 2-phenylethyl-(6-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-d-apiofuranosyl)-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-d-glucopyranoside (<b>8</b>) and methyl benzoate 2-(6-<i>O</i>-<i>α</i>-l-rhamnosyl)-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-d-glucopyranoside (<b>9</b>). All compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. The major compounds (<b>2</b>, <b>3</b> and <b>5</b>) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, <i>M. edule</i> was recognised to be a good source for phenolic compounds and these compounds may contribute to anti-inflammatory activity of the extract.</p