The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Customers’ Loyalty in Lao PDR

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an essential mainstream in research circles at present, especially for organizational business management and has been adopted as long-term strategic plans. It plays a crucial role in espousing robust business operation, moderating the harmful negative effect of environmental degradation and being an integral aspect in promoting social and community activities as well as enhancing people’s quality of life. Nevertheless, very few empirical studies focused on the effects of CSR on customers’ loyalty in a telecommunication sector and none of empirical evidence have investigated in case of Lao PDR. Hence, this paper empirically investigates on the effects of CSR on customers’ loyalty in Lao PDR by employing multiple linear regression model to uncover the relationship between an explained variable and a set of regressor in the estimated model. Empirical findings substantiated a positive effect and statistical significance of philanthropic, environmental and legal responsibility on customers’ loyalty, whilst legal responsibility has a weak positive influence on an explained variable and the outcomes also found that ethical behavior is positively affected but statistical insignificance on customers’ loyalty. In addition, the paper strongly averred that CSR contributes to increase customers’ loyalty, investments in CSR activities helps to reach sustainable business development goals and mitigate the potential adverse impact caused from business operation. More importantly, policy implications provide crucial insights and the fundamental role of CSR initiatives in establishing the innovative marketing strategy, contemporary business management and their survival in the era of high competition. Keywords: CSR, Customers’ Loyalty, Multiple Regression Model, Lao Telecom, Lao PDR DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-12-01 Publication date:June 30th 202

Evidence of a Lead Metathesis Product from Calcium Hydroxyapatite Dissolution in Lead Nitrate Solution

Calcium hydroxyapatite, CaHAp, synthesized by the precipitation method, was utilized to study the calcium-lead metathesis reaction on dissolution in a lead nitrate solution under reflux conditions to prepare larger lead hydroxyapatite, PbHAp, crystals from CaHAp. SEM images show development of crystalline PbHAp on the surfaces of CaHAp. The needle-like crystal morphology observed for PbHAp after 24 h reaction time developed into hexagonal-rod crystal morphology within 48 h reaction time. The largest PbHAp crystals obtained from 48 h reaction time have approximate size of 10 × 10 × 40 μm. Powder X-ray diffraction results show mixed phases of CaHAp and PbHAp due to difficulty in separating the PbHAp product from the CaHAp substrate. The PbHAp peaks observed after 24 h of reaction sharpen and increase in intensity after 48 h of reaction confirming that the PbHAp phase is the major product for the 48 h reaction time. EDX results of the crystalline products show high intensity Pb peaks with lead to phosphorous ratio (5 : 3) as expected for PbHAp. Lower intensity Ca peaks are also observed, consistent with incomplete coverage of the CaHAp growth substrate

fac-Aqua­(2-carboxy­ethyl-κ2 C,O)trichlorido­tin(IV)–1,4,7,10,13-penta­oxacyclo­penta­deca­ne–water (1/1/2)

In the title compound, [Sn(C3H5O2)Cl3(H2O)]·C10H20O5·2H2O, the SnIV atom is octa­hedrally coordinated within a fac-CO2Cl3 donor set, arising from the C,O-bidentate carboxy­ethyl ligand, a water mol­ecule and three chloride ligands. In the crystal, supra­molecular chains linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds propagate along the c axis These chains are connected into layers in the ac plane via C—H⋯O inter­actions

The commensurately modulated structure of copper (4-4'-biphyridyl) sulfate coordination polymer cocrystallized with terephthalic acid.

โครงการหนึ่งอาจารย์หนึ่งผลงา

The order twin to disordered phase transition modulated [Ag(bipy)NO3]n

ผลงานวิชาการคณาจารย์มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีสุรนาร

Recognizing and modeling problems in nonroutine X-Ray crystal structures

โครงการหนึ่งอาจารย์หนึ่งผลงา

Supramolecular structure of [Cd2(bpa)3(NO3)n9bpa=1,2-bis(4-bipyridyl]ethane

ผลงานวิชาการคณาจารย์มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีสุรนาร