Modified blalock-taussig shunt in palliative cardiac surgery

Background: Cyanotic congenital heart diseases present early in life with poor general condition of the patient. Majority of deaths occurs within one year of life before surgical intervention due to severe cyanosis and metabolic acidosis. Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt (MBTS) is one of the palliative cardiac surgeries done for cyanotic congenital heart diseases. It improves the general condition of the patient before definitive surgery is done. The aim of this study was to determine the commonest indications, post-operative anticoagulation and early complications following MBTS at CARE Hospital, India.Methods: This was a retrospective study from January 2004 to December 2006 including all patients who underwent Posterolateral Thoracotomy for MBTS. All patients had deep cyanosis, oxygen saturation of 65% or less and small pulmonary vasculature due to congenital heart defects. Acyanotic patients and those with oxygen saturation more than 65% were excluded from the study. All patients received a single dose of heparin intra-operatively and oral aspirin as anticoagulant regimen post-operatively. No heparin given postoperatively.Results: A total of 20 children with a mean age of 27.4 months were studied. Two patients had pre-operative ICU admission due to severe cyanosis (both had oxygen saturation of 35%), hypotension and severe body weakness. The commonest indications for MBTS included Tetralogy of Fallot (70%), pulmonary atresia (10%) with or without Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), tricuspid atresia (10%) with pulmonary atresia or stenosis and Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DOVR) with pulmonary atresia or stenosis (10%). Mean duration of ICU stay was 2 days, mean duration of mechanical ventilation was four and half hours, mean duration of hospital stay was 7 days and mean systemic oxygen saturation improved significantly from 46% to 84% ( x2 = 7.03, p = 0.0080). No post-operative bleeding, seroma, shunt thrombosis or death occurred in this study.Conclusion: The commonest indication for MBTS is TOF. Intra-operative single dose of heparin followed by post-operative oral aspirin as anticoagulant regimen was not associated with a major complication in terms of bleeding, seroma, shunt thrombosis, or death

Clinico-Surgical Outcome of Repair of Isolated Atrial Septal Defect At Care Hospital, Banjara Hills-Hyderabad India, 2004-2006

No Abstract

Influence of Bio-fertilizers and Potassium Levels on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

A research study was carried out at Crop Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, for the duration of Kharif 2021 (U.P). The topsoil of the experimental area was sandy clay loam, nearly fair and balanced in soil properties (pH 7.1), low in organic material (0.36 %), obtainable N (171.48 kg/ha), obtainable P (15.2 kg/ha), and obtainable K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment has been conducted in Randomized Block Design, as well as the 10 treatment options replicated three times over a period of a year. The treatments which are T1: Azospirillum 25g/kg + Potassium 30kg/ha, T2: Azospirillum 25g/kg + Potassium 40 kg/ha, T3: Azospirillum 25g/kg + Potassium 50kg/ha, T4: Azotobacter 25g/kg + Potassium 30kg/ha, T5: Azotobacter 25g/kg + Potassium 40kg/ha, T6: Azotobacter 25g/kg + Potassium 50kg/ha, T7: Azospirillum (12.5g/kg) + Azotobacter (12.5g/kg) 25g/kg + Potassium 30kg/ha, T8: Azospirillum (12.5g/kg) + Azotobacter (12.5g/kg) -25 g/kg + Potassium 40kg/ha, T9: Azospirillum (12.5g/kg) + Azotobacter (12.5g/kg) -25g/kg + Potassium 50kg/ha and T10: Control are used. The application of Azospirillum (12.5g/kg) + Azotobacter (12.5g/kg)- 25 g/kg + Potassium 50 kg/ha resulted in significantly higher plant height (150.25 cm), number of leaves/plant (12.65), plant dry weight (17.19 g/plant), number of ears/hill (2.60), number of grains/ear (2420.73), test weight (9.45 g), grain yield (3.16 t/ha), straw yield (7.57 t/ha). Harvest index (29.40), gross returns(Rs.79,000/ha), net returns(Rs.48,878.20/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.62) as compared to other treatments