Implementation of Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation for the Conveyor Chain Drive System

The conveyor chain drive system which included four sprockets, four flat bars (chain guides) and one conveyor chain had been assembled into commercial software, MSC.ADAMS. The conveyor chain was connected with rollers for running on the chain guides. The multi-body dynamics (MBD) simulation was implemented to study the large displacement of chain components which happened during rotations of the symmetric model of the conveyor chain drive system. The physical experiment had obtained by construction of the conveyor chain drive system regarding the MBD model. The speeds of chain drive were adjusted by a gear motor with a converter. The trajectory of conveyor chain links which respectively meshed and ran on sprockets and chain guides was recorded by a high speed camera. Furthermore, impact-contact forces by a collision of components in the conveyor chain drive system during rotation were analysis. The comparison between MBD simulation and physical experiment of the conveyor chain drive system was performed for validation of simulation models. The MBD simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data which obtained an average error of 3.95%

Cooperative Extension Service Organization and Administration in Utah and Thailand

Thailand is an agricultural country with about 80 percent of the population operating farms. Agriculture is the main source of national income and 90 percent of all exports are agricultural products. The farms are small and a high percent of the farmers are illiterate which accounts for so many people remaining on farms. Even though agricultural development is under the National Economic and Social Development Plan, new methods of farming are not easily accessible to the small farmers. They still follow their ancestor\u27s methods of cultivating, irrigating, and harvesting their crops. Most farmers operate subsistent farm units. They plant enough rice for their own family for the year and if all the rice is not consumed it is sold. They are not familiar with modern agricultural science: fertilizer, soils, plants, mechanization, entomology or market demands. Farm boys and girls have to drop out of school in low grade levels because the farmer cannot afford school expenses. Young people are expected to help their families on the farms. The younger generation will likely follow in the footsteps of their parents unless additional educational opportunities are provided. Extension Service can be a way of providing informal education to farmers and their families. Separate Agricultural Extension Departments in Thailand were organized by the Ministry of Agriculture many years ago for general agriculture, rice, livestock, fishery, and forestry. In 1967 the Agricultural Extension Department was established in the Ministry of Agriculture and combined three Extension Departments: Office of the Under-Secretary of State, General Agricultural, and Rice Department into one department. This is likely the beginning of real Agricultural Extension Service in Thailand. Although the Cooperative Extension Service in the United States of America started under the Smith-Liver Act in 1914, agricultural extension had been organized long before that year. The general objectives of Cooperative Extension Service are to strengthen agriculture, home economics, and youth programs. Extension Service is organized to meet the people\u27s needs. Utah is one of the pioneers in agricultural extension in the western states. In 1911, Lou Windsor was hired as the first county agent in the Uintah Basin. Since Utah has one of the oldest Cooperative Extension Services, its organization and administration will be studied to gather information that might be applied and incorporated into the Agricultural Extension Service in Thailand

การประยุกต์ใช้แนวคิด “สอนน้อย เรียนมาก” สู่การจัดการเรียนรู้ทางด้านเทคโนโลยีไฟฟ้าอุตสาหกรรม ตามรูปแบบการเรียนรู้แบบซีเดีย กรณีศึกษาวิชานิวแมติกส์และไฮดรอลิกส์

This research aims to develop and evaluate the efficiency of the management learning plan to the teach less learn more by using SEDEA learning model, a case study of pneumatic and hydraulic course. The tools used in the research include 13 lesson plans and test achievement. The samples used in this study were undergraduate students, major of Industrial Electrical Technology, faculty of Industrial Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, students enrolled subjects pneumatic and hydraulic, semester 2 academic year 2556, 54 people by sampling authentic. The collected by samples were a pre-test and continue to teach the lesson plans for 15 weeks. After, the samples were a post-test. The scores were calculated based on the validation of standard Maguigan, and calculate the post-test average scores using percentage. The results of research showed that the lesson plans to the teach less learn more by using SEDEA learning model of pneumatic and hydraulic course, efficient than standard Maguigan, and achievement of samples are averaged 75.57 percent, according to the hypothesis

Dry matter yield and quality of forages derived from three grass species with and without legumes using organic production methods

This study was the second year of an experiment which was carried out to investigate the use of forage grass species with and without legumes using organic production methods to produce forages for optimal dry matter yield and quality in Korat soil series (Oxic Paleustults). A field investigation was conducted from April 2007 to April 2008 at Khon Kaen University Experimental Farm, Northeastern Thailand. The experiment was a 3 x 4 factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The 12 treatment combinations consisted of 3 species of grass (G), viz., (1) Ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), (2) purple Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. TD 58), and (3) Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan); and 4 organic production methods (PMs), viz., (1) control (no fertilizer application, no legume mixture), (2) cattle manure (CM) at the rate of 25 tons/ ha, and broadcast seeds of (3) Verano stylo (Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano) and (4) Wynn cassia (Chamaecrista rotundifolia cv. Wynn) for grass-legume mixtures. The results showed that G and PMs produced significantly different (p0.05), but both produced significantly higher g+l than Napier+l. G-Verano stylo and G-Wynn cassia mixtures produced no significant difference in g+l. Interactions (p<0.01) between G and PM were found in g, g+l and dry matter yield of weed. Purple Guinea with CM produced the highest g (15,591 kg/ha) of purple Guinea alone. Napier with Verano stylo mixture tended to produce higher g+l than Ruzi and purple Guinea with Verano stylo or with Wynn cassia mixture. Napier with CM produced the highest dry matter yield of weed while the lowest was with Ruzi-Wynn cassia mixture. There were significant effects (P<0.01) of G on CP, NDF, ADF, ash and DMD; and on ADL (P<0.05) of grass plus legumes where Napier gave the highest CP, ADL and ash contents. On the other hand, Napier plus legumes gave the lowest NDF and ADF contents. Ruzi plus legumes gave the highest DMD. There were significant effects (P<0.01) of PMs on CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, ash and DMD of grass plus legumes. G-Verano stylo mixture gave the highest value of CP (12.09%), the lowest NDF and ADF contents, and the highest DMD value (78.75%) of grass plus VeranoPeer reviewedFinal Published versio

Growth Performance and Methane Production of Thai Native Beef Cattle under Grazing and Cut-Carry Ruzi Grass with or without Concentrate Supplementation

Despite of concentrate supplements in ruminant diets have been recognized as an influence enteric methane abasement strategy, very few studies have investigated the effects of concentrate supplementation on enteric methane emission under grazing conditions of Thailand. This study aimed to measure growth performance and methane emission from Thai native beef cattle raising under grazing or cut and carry forage with or without concentrate supplementation. Thirty Thai native beef cattle heifers and steers were allocated to a randomized complete block design with six replications. Treatment is feeding systems were continuous grazing in natural pasture: control (T1), rotational grazing in Ruzi grass pasture (T2), cut and carry of Ruzi grass (T3), rotational grazing in Ruzi grass pasture + concentrate (1% of BW) (T4) and cut and carry of Ruzi grass + concentrate (1% of BW) (T5), respectively. Body weight was negative in continuous grazing natural grassland (T1), rotational grazing (T2) and cut-carry Ruzi grass without concentrate supplementation (T3). Continuous grazing natural grassland without concentrate (T1) gave 7.46 %Ym and was within a range of 6.5±1.0 %Ym (IPCC, 2006).  Thai native beef cattle assigned to confinement systems with cut and carry of Ruzi grass plus 1% body weight concentrate supplementation (T5) released methane of 3.05 %Ym.  Our results suggest that to improve the growth performance and mitigate methane emission of Thai native beef cattle, cut and carry of Ruzi grass with 1% body weight concentrate supplementation should be used.Peer reviewe

Estimating the Date of Confinement: A 3-year retrospective study in Ramathibodi Hospital

Objectives: To estimate limits of agreement (LOA) between the actual date of delivery (ADD) and four different methods for estimated date of confinement (EDC) based on last menstrual period (LMP). Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the pregnant women who delivered at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand during 2013-2015. The inclusion criteria were term pregnancy, singleton, spontaneous onset of labor, certain date and duration of LMP, regular menstrual cycles, no recent use of hormonal contraceptives in past 3 months, ultrasound scan in mid-trimester was performed and all newborns were evaluated full-term by pediatricians. Exclusion criteria was wrong date recalled after redating with ultrasound scan in mid-trimester. Four methods for EDC: Naegele’s rule using the 1st day of LMP, Naegele’s rule using last day of LMP, pregnancy wheel, and pregnancy calculator application were compared with ADD. The discrepancies between EDC and ADD were defined as the LOA and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Statistical comparison was performed by using Bland and Altman’s method.Results: There were 1,883 pregnant women who met the criteria. LOA of ADD was 5.2 days before predicted EDC by pregnancy calculator application. Predicted EDC using last day of LMP by Naegele’s rule was differ from LOA of ADD more than other methods (-8.8 days). Different days in each month affect predicted EDC except by application method.Conclusion: Pregnancy calculator application based on LMP is the preferred method for predicting EDC when compared with Naegele’s rule and pregnancy wheel in women who can certainly remember her LMP

Effect of Ethyl Chloride Spray for Pain Reduction during Amniocentesis: A non – blinded randomized controlled trial

Objectives: To evaluate the cryo-analgesic effect of ethyl chloride spray on reducing pain during second-trimester amniocentesis.Materials and Methods: A non-blinded randomized controlled trial was performed to compare the post-procedural pain scores during second-trimester amniocentesis between pregnant women who received and did not receive ethyl chloride spray immediately before amniocentesis needle penetration. Outcome was mean of post-procedural pain score measured by using visual analogue scale (VAS).Results: The study was performed between May and November 2016. One hundred and forty-eight participants were randomly divided into two groups received cryo-analgesia using ethyl chloride spray and did not receive. There were no differences between demographic data and pre-procedural pain scores (anticipated pain) (p = 0.6). Mean post-procedural pain score in the cryo-analgesia group was significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.01). Six participants in cryo-analgesia group had frostbite skin rash (8%) which was self-limiting condition and persists for about one month with no scar. Most participants (98%) willingly accepted to undergo the procedure again if indicated.Conclusion: Ethyl chloride spray may be an alternative method for amniocentesis procedural pain management. Women should be informed about the potential risk of complications