Simulation of transient blood flows in the artery with an asymmetric stenosis

This article focuses on the transient behaviour of blood flow in stenotic arteries. Human blood is modelled as an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid. A numerical technique based on the finite element method is developed to simulate the blood flow taking into account of the transient periodic behaviour of the blood flow in cardiac cycles. The flow pattern, the distribution of pressure and the wall shear stresses, are computed. The results show that the pulsatile pressure and the time variation of wall shear rate have patterns similar to that for the pulsatile velocity during the cardiac cycles. On the back toe of the stenosis there exists a small recirculation region which causes the direction of the wall shear stress in some part to oscillate, likely leading to atherosclerotic disease. The back toe is thus an ideal location for applying a clot dissolving drug. References D. N. Ku, Blood flow in arteries, Annual Review of FLuid Mechanics 29 (1997) 399--434. D. Mann and J. Tarbell, Flow of non-Newtonian blood analog fluids in rigid curved and straight artery models, Biorheology 27 (1990) 711--733. M. Grigioni, C. Daniele and G. D'Avenio, The role of wall shear stress in unsteady vascular dynamics, Progress in Biomedical Research 7 (3) (2002) 204--212. K. B. Chandran, J. H. Mun, K. K. Choi, J. S. Chen, A. Hamilton, A. Nagaraj and D. D. McPherson, A method for in-vivo analysis for regional arterial wall material property alterations with alterosclerosis: preliminary results, Medical Engineering and Physics 25 (2003) 289--298. M. Bonert, J. G. Myers, S. Fremes, J. Williams and C. R. Ethier, A numerical study of blood flow in coronary artery bypass graft Side-to-Side Anastomoses, in Annals of Biomedical Engineering 30 (2002) 599--611. D. Y. Fei, J. D. Thomas and S. E. Rittgers, The effect of angle and flow rate upon hemodynamics in distal vascular graft anastomoses: a numerical model study, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 116 (1994) 331--336. M. H. Song, M. Sato, Y. Ueda, Three dimensional simulation of coronary artery bypass grafting with the use of computational fluid dynamics, Surg Today 30(2000), 993--998. B. Wiwatanapataphee, D. Poltem, Y. H. Wu and Y. Lenbury, Simulation of pulsatile flow of blood in stenosed coronary artery bypass with graft, Mathematical Biosciences 3 (2) (2006) 371--383. S. Glagov and C. K. Zarins and D. P. Giddens and D. N. Ku, Hemodynamics and Atherosclerosis, Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries, Archieves of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 112 (1988) 1018--1031

Mathematical modeling of infectious disease transmission in macroalgae

Abstract Understanding the infectious diseases outbreak of algae can provide significant knowledge for disease control intervention and/or prevention. We consider here a disease caused by highly pathogenic organisms that can result in the death of algae. Even though a great deal of understanding about diseases of algae has been reached, studies concerning effects of the outbreak at the population level are still rare. For this reason, we computationally model an outbreak in the algae reservoir or container systems consisting of several patches or clusters of algae being infected with a contagious infectious disease. We computationally investigate the systems as well as make some predictions via the deterministic SEIR epidemic model. We consider the factors that could affect the spread of the disease including the number of patches, the size of initial infected population, the distance between patches or spatial range, and the basic reproduction number ( R 0 $R_{0}$ ). The results provide some information that may be beneficial to algae disease control, intervention or prevention

Euro-Asian Collaboration for Enhancing STEM Education: EASTEM WP4: Industry engagement and competence integration into STEM educational programs. Deliverable D4

EASTEM is a capacity-building project funded by Erasmus+ (KA2) with the aim of improving employability of STEM graduates from partner universities by ensuring students acquire skills needed in the workplace. Over the course of 3 years (2019-2022) and with a budget of 999.000 EUR, the project brings together 3 universities from Europe and 10 from Asia, creating a platform for partner universities to exchange best practices on student-centered and competency-based STEM education. The EASTEM project is co-funded with support from the European Commission, project (number 598915-EPP-1-2018-1-SE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) under the Erasmus+ program. This document reflects only the views of the authors. The Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This document and its annexes in their latest versions are available from the EASTEM website (www.eastemproject.eu). EASTEM Work Package 4 (WP4) is to facilitate industry engagement and competence integration into educational programs. Building on good case practises from all partner institutions, IMT Atlantique guided partners on how to integrate competence development for students into STEM education programmes and university strategies