QUANTIFICATION AND CORRELATION OF THE BIOACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS OF CROTON BONPLANDIANUM LEAVES OF SUB-HIMALAYAN REGION OF WEST BENGAL

Objective: Leaves of various herbs are rich in phytochemicals which may provide protection from various diseases. Therefore, the objective of the present study was preliminary screening of the phytochemicals like tannin, phlobatannin, cholesterol, glycoside, terpinoids, phenolics, flavonoid, steroid, anthraquinone, saponin, carbohydrate, alkaloid and protein in leaf of Croton bonplandianum Baill. and quantify some of these phytochemical. Method: Standardized biochemical and UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods were followed to analyze the phytochemical status of the leaves. Principal component analysis and correlation matrix on the basis of the quantity of the bioactive phytochemicals were performed in order to elucidate the interrelation between the various phytochemicals Result: Quite a high percentage of alkaloid (59.60 ± 4.79 g/100g), saponin (17.35 ± 1.35 g/100g), phenolic content (75.39 ± 3.19 mg/g), protein (55.04 ± 2.09 mg/g), lipid (37.53 ± 2.43 mg/g), tannin (26.18 ± 2.63 mg/100g), thiamine (26.18± 2.36 mg/100g) and very satisfactory quantity of riboflavin or vitamin B2 (0.55 ± 0.03 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (0.71 ± 0.05 mg/100g)  has been detected in the leaves of this plant. It is fascinating to note that the phenol with lipid and the riboflavin content have displayed almost linear positive correlation with correlation coefficient of 0.999. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that the leaf of C. bonplandianum possesses rich in various phytochemicals like alkaloid, total phenol, saponin, flavonoid, protein and tannin. These phytochemicals possess various bioactive properties and may be used as external therapeutic supplement. This study may lead to a new dimension regarding the medicinal value of C. bonplandianum

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ALOE VERA LEAF CRUDE GEL IN CARRAGEENAN INDUCED ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RAT MODELS

Objectives: Current clinical treatment regimes for inflammatory diseases have different drawbacks including side effects of the drugs and the high cost of long term treatment. In the last few decades different promising herbal medicines have been explored for their anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects, but conclusive evidences are not available in the case of crude Aloe vera gel for its anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of the study was to document the protective and curative roles of orally administered and peritoneally injected crude wild Aloe vera gel in carrageenan-induced inflammation in a rat model. Methods: Inflammation was induced by injecting 1% carrageenan in the left hind paw of Wistar albino rat. Crude, unprocessed Aloe vera gel was peritoneally injected and orally fed to experimental and control rat groups to investigate its effect on paw joint edema by measuring the paw circumference with vernier caliper. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] cell viability assay was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of the gel. Results: Paw edema was brought to near normal levels in the experimental groups after the treatment with crude Aloe vera gel. Orally fed gel showed no cytotoxicity on macrophages and spleenocytes. Protective property of crude Aloe gel was also evident in both the experiments. Conclusion: Aloe vera crude gel has both protective and curative properties against inflammation

Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.

原著和名: トキハギョリウ科名: モクマオウ科 = Casuarinaceae採集地: 沖縄県 南大東島 (琉球 南大東島)採集日: 1987/11/25採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH009018国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-95901

Variation in Phytochemical Composition Reveals Distinct Divergence of (L.) Burm.f. From Other Species: Rationale Behind Selective Preference of in Nutritional and Therapeutic Use

In the present study, we have phytochemically characterized 5 different abundant Aloe species, including Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., using silylation followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique and compared the data using multivariate statistical analysis. The results demonstrated clear distinction of the overall phytochemical profile of A vera , highlighted by its divergent spatial arrangement in the component plot. Lowest correlation of the phytochemical profiles were found between A vera and A aristata Haw. (−0.626), whereas highest correlation resided between A aristata and A aspera Haw. (0.899). Among the individual phytochemicals, palmitic acid was identified in highest abundance cumulatively, and carboxylic acids were the most predominant phytochemical species in all the Aloe species. Compared to A vera , linear correlation analysis revealed highest and lowest correlation with A aspera ( R 2 = 0.9162) and A aristata ( R 2 = 0.6745), respectively. Therefore, A vera demonstrated distinct spatial allocation, reflecting its greater phytochemical variability

Radical Scavenging Activities of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Petal Extracts and its hepato-protection in CCl 4 -intoxicated mice

Abstract Background Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. has medicinal importance. Bioactive phytochemicals isolated from different parts of L. speciosa , have revealed hypoglycemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepato protective properties. Despite one report from Philippines detailing the use of L. speciosa as curative for fever and as well as diuretic, there is no experimental evidence about the hepatoprotective activity of the flower extracts. Methods Several spectroscopic methods, including GC\u2013MS, were used to characterize phytochemicals present in the petal extract of L. speciosa . Ethanol extract of petals was evaluated for anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging properties by using methods related to hydrogen atom transfer, single electron transfer, reducing power, and metal chelation. This study has also revealed the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective properties of petal extract against carbon tetra chloride (CCl 4 )-induced liver toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Hepatoprotection in CCl 4 -intoxicated mice was studied with the aid of histology and different enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of liver damage. Cytotoxicity tests were done using murein spleenocytes and cancareous cell lines, MCF7 and HepG2. Result GCMS of the extract has revealed the presence of several potential antioxidant compounds, of them \u3b3-Sitosterol and 1,2,3-Benzenetriol (Pyrogallol) were the predominant ones. The antioxidants activities of the flower-extract were significantly higher than curcumin (in terms of Nitric oxide scavenging activity; p \u2009=\u20090.0028) or ascorbic acid (in terms of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay; p \u2009=\u20090.0022). The damage control by the flower extract can be attributed to the reduction in lipid peroxidation and restoration of catalase activity. In vitro cytotoxicity tests have shown that the flower extract did not affect growth and survivability of the cell lines. It left beyond doubt that a flower of L. speciosa is a reservoir of antioxidant and hepatoprotective agents capable of reversing the damage inflicted by CCl 4 -intoxication. Conclusion Results from the present study may be used in developing a potential ..

DNA Binding, amelioration of oxidative stress, and molecular docking study of Zn(II) metal complex of a new Schiff base ligand

<p>A new Schiff base ligand, H₂L, and its Zn(II) complex were prepared and characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The elemental analysis results suggest the stoichiometry of the complex to be 1:1. The molar conductance study shows the non-electrolytic nature of the complex. Infrared spectra reveal that the metal ion is coordinated in tetradentate fashion which was further confirmed by NMR study. The synthesized complex was found to interact with CT-DNA quite efficiently. The DNA binding study of the complex was explored by UV–vis and viscosity measurement. Fluorescence titration studies and the experimental results suggest that the complex might bind to DNA via an intercalative mode. The <i>in silico</i> target prediction and molecular docking experiments confirm that, apart from high interaction potentiality with nucleotides, the complex has possible implications in carcinogenesis, too.</p

Additional file 7: Figure S7. of Radical Scavenging Activities of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Petal Extracts and its hepato-protection in CCl4-intoxicated mice

GCMS spectra of lyophilysed ethanolic flower extract of Lagerstroemia specios (DOCX 125 kb

Antioxidant activity of <i>Croton bonplandianus</i>.

<p><b>(A)</b>&<b>(B)</b> concentration dependent Total antioxidant activity and extent of Mo⁶⁺ reduction; <b>(C)</b> % inhibition of lipid peroxidation Vs standard trolox; <b>(D)</b> depicts remaining unneutralized lipid peroxides (ROO^●). Data expressed as mean ± S.D (n = 6). α p<0.05; β p<0.01; γ p<0.001; NS-Non significant when compared with standard.</p

Photomicrographs (100×) of the histopathological examinations of the liver samples of different groups.

<p><b>Even though the extract treated groups possessed injury marks however, the extent of signs of injury were much lower in the extract treated groups compared to CCl</b>_<b>4</b><b>group.(A)</b> Control group liver demonstrated normal liver architecture with normal sinusoids (NS), hepatocytes with intact nucleus (IN), un-inflamed portal vein (PV); <b>(B)</b> CCl₄ group liver demonstrated significant loss of hepatocellular architecture with extensive fatty infiltration (FI) leading to steatosis, bile duct proliferation (BdP), vascular congestion (VC) and haemorrhagic necrosis (HN) around portal vein. Loss of hepatic nodular structure and disorganized hepatocytes marked the CCl₄ induced liver damage; <b>(C)</b> Silymarin group demonstrated hepatoprotective activity by substantial amendment of proliferated bile duct (Bd) with normal sinusoids (NS) and intact portal veins (PV); <b>(D)</b> CBLL group was marked by less leukocyte infiltrations (LI), sinusoidal dilations (SD) and bile duct proliferation (BdP); <b>(E)</b> CBLM group reflected comparatively less haemorrhagic necrosis (HN) and fatty infiltrations (FI); <b>(F)</b> CBLH group demonstrated lowering of most of the injury signs however, leukocyte infiltrations (LI) could be identified in the liver samples.</p