Electrochemiluminesence Epidemiologic Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pregnant Women With Direct and Indirect Diagnostic Techniques (ELISA Avidity Plus Biochemical Assay)

Background and aims: Toxoplasmosis is a very common disease in the world. Two types of acquired toxoplasmosis have been detected. In the chronic toxoplasmosis, the abnormality of tissue function is little but, in acute toxoplasmosis, function of RES system becomes interrupted. The assessment of toxoplasma antibody with tissue enzymes in this stage is very important. Furthermore, serum ferritin in some conditions became high in acute phase of infectious disease. Methods: This study was based on comparative abundance study. Materials consisted of 980 serum and amniotic fluid samples collected from human blood with high level of IgG antibody against Toxoplasma gondii in Rajaie center, Tehran, Iran. The standard test was ELISA assay to detect these antibodies and the main test was measurement of liver transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) bilirubin and ferritin to evaluate acute toxoplasmosis. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 18.0. This study was done during March to June, 2017. Results: Results showed that in some patients with high level of IgG AVIDITY antibody against T. gondii the level of liver transaminases, serum bilirubin and ferritin became increased. For example in 120 patients with acute toxoplasmosis the mean serum levels of SGOT were 108 IU/L and in 80 patients the mean serum bilirubin were about 5 mg/dL. Conclusion: In acute congenital toxoplasmosis, the evaluation of IgG AVIDITY was first step and then the measurement of biochemical factors such as serum transaminases, serum Bilirubin and serum Ferritin were important

مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش فلسفه و تئاتر تعلیمی ـ تربیتی بر رشد اخلاقی دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی

Background and Aim: Human is the only creature in this world who seeks happiness and morality is one of their most essential needs to achieve happiness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of philosophy training and educational-pedagogical theater on the moral development of elementary students. Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The population of this study included all the fifth- and sixth-grade elementary students in Ardabil in 2020-21. Forty-eight people were selected through convenience sampling method and were assigned into two experimental groups (philosophy training and educational-pedagogical theater groups) and the control group (N=16 each). For the philosophy training group, a philosophy training program for children and for the educational-pedagogical theater group, a designed educational-pedagogical theater program were implemented. However, the control group did not receive any training. The Moral Growth Test was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive indicators and MANCOVA with SPSS 26 statistical software. Ethical Considerations: In this study, preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness were observed and the participants answered the questionnaires with the knowledge of the research objectives. Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that the philosophy training and educational-pedagogical theater had a significant effect on improving the moral development (p<0.05). Also, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the effect of the philosophy training on the students' moral development was significantly greater than that of the educational-pedagogical theater (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study provide useful information regarding the philosophy training and educational-pedagogical theater and their effect on improving moral development. Counselors and psychologists can use these interventions to improve the moral growth in elementary students. Please cite this article as: Zare R, Taklavi S, Ghaffari O. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Teaching Philosophy and Educational-Pedagogical Theater on the Moral Development of Elementary Students. Akhlaq-i zisti, i.e., Bioethics Journal. 2022; 12(37): e21.زمینه و هدف: انسان تنها موجودی است که در این دنیا طالب سعادت است و اخلاق یکی از ضروری‌ترین نیازهای او جهت دستیابی به سعادت محسوب می‌شود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش فلسفه و تئاتر تعلیمی ـ تربیتی بر رشد اخلاقی دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی بود. روش: طرح پژوهشی نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون ـ پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل تمامی دانش‌آموزان پایه پنجم و ششم ابتدایی شهر اردبیل در سال 1400-1399 بود که از این جامعه 48 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند، در دو گروه آزمایشی (گروه آموزش فلسفه و گروه تعلیمی ـ تربیتی) و گروه کنترل كه تعداد هر گروه 16 نفر بود، جایدهی شدند. برای گروه آموزش فلسفه، برنامه آموزش فلسفه به کودکان و برای گروه تعلیمی ـ تربیتی، برنامه آموزشی طراحی‌شده تئاتر تعلیمی ـ تربیتی اجرا شد، در حالی که گروه کنترل هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکردند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه رشد اخلاقی استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از شاخص‌های توصیفی و آزمون تحلیل کواریانس چندمتغیره با نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS 26 انجام شد. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در تدوین این پژوهش حفظ اصالت متون، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده و مشارکت‌کنندگان با آگاهی از اهداف پژوهش به پرسشنامه‌ها پاسخ دادند. یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل کواریانس نشان داد که آموزش فلسفه و تئاتر تعلیمی ـ تربیتی بر بهبود رشد اخلاقی تأثیر معنی‌دار داشته است (05/0p<). همچنین نتایج آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی نشان داد که تأثیر آموزش فلسفه بر رشد اخلاقی دانش‌آموزان به طور معناداری بیشتر از تئاتر تعلیمی ـ تربیتی بوده است (05/0p<). نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش اطلاعات مفیدی را در ارتباط با آموزش فلسفه و تئاتر تعلیمی ـ تربیتی و تأثیر آن­ها بر افزایش رشد اخلاقی فراهم می‌کند و مشاوران و روان‌شناسان می‌توانند برای بهبود رشد اخلاقی در دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی از این مداخلات استفاده نمایند

Effects of Applying Hydrotherapy on Quality of Life in Women with Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), which causes important changes patient’s life, specially in adults life. MS decreases the quality of life (QOL) of patients severely and led to disability gradually. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of applying hydrotherapy on quality of life of Multiple Sclerosis patients. Materials & Methods: In this Quasi-experimental study, 50 Multiple Sclerosis patients were selected with no probability sampling according to specific criteria and then assigned to experimental and control groups (25 patients in each group) with balanced randomized allocation. Hydrotherapy performed for 24 sessions by experimental group during three months but no intervention was done for control group. Data collector tools included: demographic questionnaire, SF8- QOL questionnaire, Self report checklists. Statistical analysis was done by use of statistical tests such as: chi square, paired t-test, student t-test, ANOVA with repeated measurements and independent t-test.  Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in phycical and mental dimensions (P=0.04 & P=0.2) and whole (P=0.81) scores of QOL before intervention, but there were significant differences between two groups after intervention in these scores (P<0.001, P=0.003 & P<0.001). ANOVA test with repeated measurements showed that there is significant difference in mean score of whole (P=0.04) and physical (P=0.05) and mental (P=0.04) dimensions of QOL between two groups in 4 times. Conclusion: Hydrotherapy is practically feasible and is associated with increase of MS patient ,s QOL so that applying this technique can promote MS patient ,s QOL and offered to these patients

Effect of Applying Progressive Muscle Relaxation Activities of Daily Living in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic unpredictable demyelinization diseases of the Central Nervous System (CNS). The aim of this study is to assess the effect of applying the Progressive Muscle Relaxation on activities of daily living of Multiple Sclerosis patients. Materials & Methods: This is a interventional and experimental study. Sixty six Multiple Sclerosis patients were selected with non probability sampling according to specific criteria then assigned to experimental and control groups (33 patients in each group) with random allocation. Data collector tools included: demographic questionnaire, ADL-MS questionnaire and self report checklists. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) performed for 63 sessions by experimental group during two months but no intervention was done for control group. Data was analyzed by suing statistical analysis such as paired T-test, independent T-test, ANOVA and correlation coefficient determination.  Results: The findings showed that there is no significant difference between two groups in mean scores of ADL before the study (P>0/05) but there are significant differences, within one and two months after intervention (P<0/05). ANOVA test with repeated measurements showed that there is a significant difference in mean score of social dimension of ADL between two groups in 3 times (P<0/02), but no significant difference in mean scores of another dimensions of ADL (physical, sensory, intimacy) and whole ADL (P&ge0/095). Conclusion: The results of this study show that Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is practically feasible and may be associated with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) increase in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Therefore, applying such technique can promote Multiple Sclerosis patients Activities of Daily Living