Unstratified bivariate and multivariate analysis of characteristics associated with bacteremia in parasitemic children <15 years (with p < 0.1).

<p>¹ OR (CI), odds ratio (95% confidence interval)</p><p>² Children who cannot hold their head at the age of three months, roll over at the age of 6 months, sit unsupported at the age of 9 months, stand unsupported at the age of 12 months or walk single steps at the age of 18 months</p><p>³ Circulation impaired = cold extremities and/or capillary refill time >2 sec. and/or tachycardia</p><p>⁴ Dehydration ≥dehydration grade 1 (3–5%)</p><p>⁵ Variables <i>developmental delay</i>, <i>exclusive breastfeeding</i> and <i>watery stool</i> were removed from multivariate analysis due to small case number (<300 cases)</p><p>* Predicts failure perfectly</p><p>** No calculation possible due to small case numbers</p><p>Unstratified bivariate and multivariate analysis of characteristics associated with bacteremia in parasitemic children <15 years (with p < 0.1).</p

Bivariate analysis of characteristics associated with bacteremia in parasitemic children <15 years stratified for parasite count (with p < 0.1).

<p>¹ Circulation impaired = cold extremities and/or capillary refill time ≤2 sec. and/or tachycardia</p><p>² Diarrhea >7 days</p><p>³ Dehydration ≥dehydration grade 1 (3–5%)</p><p>⁴ Leukocytosis = white blood cell count ≥10,000/μl; Leukopenia = white blood cell count <4,000/μl</p><p>Bivariate analysis of characteristics associated with bacteremia in parasitemic children <15 years stratified for parasite count (with p < 0.1).</p

Parsimonious multivariate regressions model of characteristics positively associated with bacteremia in parasitemic children, stratified for parasite count.

<p>¹ OR (CI), odds ratio (95% confidence interval)</p><p>² Dehydration ≥ grade 1 (3–5%)</p><p>Parsimonious multivariate regressions model of characteristics positively associated with bacteremia in parasitemic children, stratified for parasite count.</p

Admissions, enrollment, frequencies and percentages of parasitemia/bacteremia.

<p>Admissions, enrollment, frequencies and percentages of parasitemia/bacteremia.</p

Test accuracy.

<p>¹ PPV, positive predictive value for bacteremia (for prevalence 12.7%)</p><p>² NPV, negative predictive value for bacteremia (for prevalence 12.7%)</p><p>³ Dehydration ≥ grade 1 (3–5%)</p><p>Test accuracy.</p

Basic data of the study group and socio-economic status.

<p>Basic data of the study group and socio-economic status.</p

Frequency and proportion of susceptibility of the four most frequent isolated pathogens to antibiotics and MDR^a.

a<p>One strain showed discrepant susceptibility results to penicillin and to amoxicillin/ampicillin and was excluded because the strain was not available for further analyses.</p>b<p>Two strains tested resistant to nalidixic acid by disc diffusion and showed intermediate level of resistance to ciprofloxacin by the E test method.</p>c<p>MDR (multi drug resistance; resistance to amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol) among nontyphoidal salmonellae (NTS) and <i>Salmonella</i> ser. Typh.</p

Frequency and estimated incidence of bacteremia in the hospital catchment area in 1,196 children below five years of age.

a<p>Yearly cumulative incidence per 1,000.</p>b<p>Isolates considered as contaminants: n = 116 (9.7%).</p>c<p>Double infections in 4 children: NTS/<i>S. pneumoniae</i>, NTS/<i>S. aureus</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> ser. Typhi/<i>Streptococcus</i> spp., <i>S. aureus</i>/<i>S. pneumoniae</i>.</p

Adjusted associations of anthropometrical parameters and parasitemia with bacteremia in children below five years of age in Ghana.

a<p>OR (CI), Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval).</p